清末教育法制化歷程的一個側面：預備立憲時期的簡易識字學塾

An Aspect of Process of Institutionalized Education in Late Qing: Simple Literacy Schools of Constitutionalism

清政府於1906年宣布預備立憲、1908年公布逐年籌備事宜，其中與教育相關的第一要務，為成立簡易識字學塾以提升民眾識字率。實際負責全國學務的學部在1909年頒布〈簡易識字學塾章程〉，制訂各項設立學塾的細節，將簡易識字學塾納入新式教育的一環，「以輔小學教育之不足」。其後，各地簡易識字學塾的數量大增，卻出現其課程與初等小學堂簡易科過於類似的問題。學部兩次修訂小學堂章程並廢除簡易科後，於1911年修訂〈簡易識字學塾章程〉，再度確認其定位為小學教育之輔助。但最後因各地過於熱衷設立簡易識字學塾，而對開設正規的初等小學堂敷衍了事，違背了學部的初衷。因此學部最終於1911年下令簡易識字學塾只可專收年長失學者，使其轉型為社會教育機構。 In 1905, the Qing government declared to support constitutionalism. In 1908, the Qing government enacted the preparations list of constitutionalism, and the major policy of education was establishing Simple Literacy Schools to improve literacy rate. The Ministry of Education of Qing government (學部) enacted the Simple Literacy Schools System in 1909, which enacted all the details of establishing Simple Literacy Schools and enacted that Simple Literacy Schools were auxiliary of Elementary Education. Since the Simple Literacy Schools were increased greatly, the problem that the curriculum in Simple Literacy Schools was similar to that in Simple Class of Junior Elementary School System was appeared. After The Ministry of Education of Qing government (學部) revised the Junior Elementary School System twice and delated the Simple Class, the Simple Literacy Schools System was readjusted in 1911. However, since then local officials had paid too much attention on establishing Simple Literacy Schools instead of Elementary Schools under the Junior Elementary School System. Finally in 1911, The Ministry of Education of Qing government (學部) enacted that only adult who was deprived of education can study in Simple Literacy Schools, and transformed the Simple Literacy Schools into social education institution.