具生理機能性的菇類蛋白

Mushroom Proteins with Physiological Functionality

菇類中具生理機能性的菇類蛋白主要包括具細胞凝集活性的凝集素，以及核糖體抑制蛋白及多醣蛋白複合物。菇類凝集素由1 - 5個次單元組成，分子量介於12 -190 kDa，對多種碳水化合物具不同專一親和性，可進一步區分為親醣蛋白、免疫調節蛋白與醣蛋白凝集素三類，可能扮演調節菌體本身代謝，及維持菌體與其他生物的共生或寄生關係之角色。菇類機能蛋白的生理作用機制主要包括促進免疫細胞增生，以及刺激免疫細胞分泌細胞激素，而具有抗腫瘤活性，其中靈芝、金針菇、草菇、洋菇和蒙古口蘑中的蛋白均具開發於醫學臨床應用之潛力。 Mushroom proteins with physiological functionality could be classified into agglutinins with activity of cell agglutination, ribosome inactivating proteins and polysaccharide-protein complex according to their biochemical characteristics and physiological activity. Mushroom agglutinins with molecular weights ranged from 12 to 190 kDa are composed of 1 to 5 subunits. The agglutinins are categorized into lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins and agglutinative glycoproteins, with respect to their specific affinities against various carbohydrates. Mushroom proteins might be implicated in the regulation of fungal metabolism and symbiotic, or parasitic relationships with other organisms. Anti-tumor activities of mushroom proteins may be resulted from the stimulation to the immunity of the host. The proteins of Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina velutipes, Volvariella volvace, Agaricus bisporus and Tricholoma mongolicum might be applied in clinical medicine.