番茄及瓜類殘株製成快速堆肥抑制雜草種子發芽之研究

Study of the Inhibition of Weeds Seed Germination Using Tomato and Melon Residues Fast Compost

快速堆肥是利用特殊菌種及酵素將生物性農業廢棄物快速發酵處理的技術，與傳統堆肥相比有節省時間及空間的優勢，且具有高總酚含量與電導度（electric conductivity）的特性。甜瓜殘株快速堆肥總酚含量3953μg．g^(-1)與EC_（1：5）值21.3 dS．m^(-1)最高，番茄者總酚含量2261μg．g^(-1)、EC_（1：5）值7.27 dS．m^(-1)。在培養皿施加混合快速堆肥濾液，能抑制假儉草種子發芽。濾液處理使假儉草根細胞分裂受影響而產生四倍體（4C），以番茄與蔗渣混合處理之四倍體細胞數目較多。葫蘆科快速堆肥中含有沒食子酸與香草酸兩種酚酸物質，以600μg．g^(-1)以上的沒食子酸或香草酸處理假儉草種子，其發芽率、胚根長與鮮重皆顯著較低。覆蓋單質快速堆肥於田土上，雜草乾重顯著與無覆蓋對照組的152 g少，其中以覆蓋番茄與玉米穗軸快速堆肥的31 g與21 g顯著較少。 Fast composting is a technology that using special fungus and enzymes to ferment biological agricultural waste rapidly. It has the advantage of saving time and space compared with traditional composting. Melon residue had the highest total phenolic content 3953 μg．g^(-1) and high EC_(1:5) value 21.3 dS．m^(-1). Tomato residue's total phenol content and EC_(1:5) value were 2261 μg．g^(-1) and 7.27 dS．m^(-1), resbectively. Phenolic substances inhibited weed growth. The mixed fast-composting filtrate was applied to seeds of centipede grass in petri dishes, and was observed to inhibit the germination rate. Cucurbitaceae fast compost contained two phenolic acids, gallic acid and vanillic acid. The germination rate, radicle length and fresh weight of centipede grass were significantly lower when treated with 600 μg．g^(-1) or more of gallic acid or vanillic acid. The fast compost was mulched on the field, and the dry weight of weeds 152 g was significantly less than that of the control. The mulched fast composting tomato and corncob was significantly less, at 31 g and 21 g separately.