不同水耕栽培系統對‘桃園4號’草莓母株生長與走莖苗生產之影響

Effect of Hydroponics Systems on the Plant Growth and Runner Plant Production in Strawberry 'Taoyuan No.4'

以植物工廠生產草苺苗，可不受自然天候影響，同時可調節草苺產期。一般植物工廠多為水耕栽培，而利用霧耕栽培相較於湛水式水耕，可達到節水目的，因此本試驗擬比較兩種水耕系統對草苺種苗生產之影響。以生長一致草苺‘桃園4號’走莖苗為試驗材料，於日夜長16／8 h、日夜溫25／18°C、光強度140μmol．m^(-2)．s^(-1)環控室內，養液EC值1.6 mS．cm^(-1)、pH值5.5-6.5，霧耕噴霧週期為5／10分鐘（開／關），探討湛水式水耕及霧耕二種栽培系統對‘桃園4號’草苺母株生長與走莖苗生產之影響。試驗結果以霧耕栽培之草苺母株葉片寬度、莖冠直徑、葉綠素含量、根部活性等生長指標均高於湛水式水耕，其累積的走莖生成數與走莖苗數分別為湛水式的126%與122%，而所需電費及養液消耗量為湛水式水耕的76%及62%。湛水式水耕苗葉長、葉寬與莖冠直徑均較霧耕苗大，但這兩種水耕系統所產出三種不同根長（S: 2-2.9 cm; M:3-3.9 cm; L:5-5.9 cm）走莖苗，則均以L根長苗株有較高地上部與地下部鮮乾重。移至相同環境栽培1個月後，不同水耕系統生產之種苗間無明顯生長差異，但均以L根長之走莖苗具有最高的壯苗指數，表示其生長潛力最高，有利後續栽培利用。 The production of strawberry runner and runner plant in plant factory could avoid environmental stress and extend growing season. Although the deep flow technique (DFT) in hydroponics is widely used in plant factory, the aeroponic growth system can save more water and energy. The objective of this study was to compare the effects and performance on the strawberry propagation of runner plant between a DFT hydroponic system and an aeroponic system. The plants of strawberry 'Taoyuan No.4' with four developed leaves were grown for eight weeks in these two growth systems in an environmental control chamber. The ambient environment was maintained at day/night temperature 25/18°C, photoperiod 16 hours, light intensity 140 μmol m^(-2) s^(-1), EC value of nutritional solution 1.6 mS cm^(-1), pH 5.5-6.5. The spraying period in root zone in aeroponic treatment was 5 min ON/10 min OFF. The results of an eight-week cultivation show that the leaf width, crown diameter, SPAD value, chlorophyll content, and root activity of the plants grown in aeroponic system were higher than those grown in DFT. The number of accumulated runners and runner plants in aeroponics were more than those in DFT by 26% and 22%, respectively. Compared with DFT, the aeroponics growth system for strawberry could save 24% of electricity cost and 38% of total nutrient solution. However, the runner plants produced in DFT had longer leaf length, leaf width, and larger crown diameter than those in aeroponics. All of the runner plants can be categorized into three sizes by their root length: S (2-2.9 cm), M (3-3.9 cm), L (5-5.9 cm). The runner plants with L-size root had the highest shoot and root fresh and dry weight in these two growth system. All runner plants were then transplanted in a DFT system for one-month sequential cultivation. There were no differences in the plant growth between the aeroponics and DFT system. The runner plants with L-size root had the highest healthy index in both hydroponics systems. It is suggested that the strawberry propagation in aeroponics could provide more runner plants and runner plant selection of L-size root for the sequential cultivation is recommended.