抽穗時割葉處理對‘寶島’蕉果實生長與品質之影響

Effects of Leaf Removal at Flowering Stage on Development and Quality of 'Formosana' Banana

本研究主要針對‘寶島’蕉（Musa sapientum‘Formosana’）抽穗後，植株以人為割葉保留不同葉片數，探討植株保有不同葉片數對果實生長發育、產量、轉色速率與品質之影響，以作為香蕉抽穗時植株管理之依據。抽穗後割葉處理，留2片葉片之‘寶島’蕉果實需133.8天達採收標準。留4-12片葉片之‘寶島’蕉，果實需119.8-120.6天達採收標準。抽穗後留2片葉之植株單株，果實產量顯著低於留6片葉之植株。抽穗後保留2葉片之果實，採收貯藏於15℃貯藏28天後，出現呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰，同時果實經乙烯催熟後，果實轉色速率慢；隨著保留葉片數增加，呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰出現時間延遲。因此，以高產和良好貯運特性為前提下，建議‘寶島’蕉抽穗後，植株葉片數量應維持6片葉以上，可維持果實產量與貯運特性。 This study investigated the effects of leaf numbers (with leaf removal treatment) at flowering on the bunch weight, fruit characteristic, coloration and quality of banana (Musa sapientum 'Formosana'). The results showed the banana fruits harvested from the plants with 2 leaves retained would take 133.8 days after flowering to reach harvest standards. The fruits harvested from those with 4-12 leaves retained reached harvest standards relatively fast and only took 119.8-120.6 days. Moreover, the yield of banana per plant of those with 2 leaves retained was significantly lower than those with 6 leaves retained. After storing at 15℃ for 28 days, the banana fruits harvested from the plants with 2 leaves retained at flowering would reach the peak of respiration and ethylene production. With the increase in number of leaves retained, it would postpone the timing for the peak of respiration and ethylene production. In addition, the banana fruits from the plants with more leaves retained would color more slowly after artificial ripening. In order to maintain high yield and the quality for storage, it is suggested that at lease 6 leaves should be retained for each banana plant after flowering.