貯藏溫度與包裝對臺灣山蘇花切葉品質之影響

The Effect of Storage Temperature and Package on the Cut Frond Quality of Bird's Nest Fern (＂Asplenium nidus＂)

臺灣山蘇花（＂Asplenium nidus＂L.）亦稱為鳥巢蕨（bird's nest fern），本研究以屏東縣所產之材料，探討臺灣山蘇花採收後在不同貯藏溫度（5℃、15℃和25℃）下的呼吸速率與乙烯生成量，以及不同包裝（紙箱包裝、紙箱加PE袋包裝及未包裝）對臺灣山蘇花之切葉品質及褐化之影響。結果顯示，臺灣山蘇花呼吸率隨貯藏溫度提高而增加，除25℃貯藏處理外，貯藏期間之切葉呼吸率變化不明顯。乙烯生成量隨著貯藏溫度與貯藏時間（6天內）而增加。不同貯藏溫度及包裝對臺灣山蘇花切葉乾物重與可滴定酸含量多無顯著影響。以低溫5℃貯藏，使臺灣山蘇花葉片的維生素C含量之損失最小，離子滲漏率、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase）及過氧化酶（peroxidase）活性亦最低。不同包裝處理間，以紙箱包裝於5℃貯藏有最長的切葉貯藏壽命。紙箱加PE袋包裝雖有最小之失重率，但在15℃和25℃包裝處理之多酚氧化酶與過氧化酶活性則明顯高於其他處理，使其捲曲部位容易褐化，縮短貯藏壽命。因此，臺灣山蘇花採收切葉後利用紙箱包裝並貯藏於5℃溫度下，有較長之貯藏壽命且可維持其品質。 Effects of packaging (corrugated box, corrugated box within polyethylene bag, or naked) and storage temperature (5℃, 15℃, or 25℃) were studied on the cut fronds quality and browning of cut fronds in bird's nest fern (＂Asplenium nidus＂ L.) collected from Pingtung County. The results showed that respiration rate of bird's nest fern increased as storage temperatures increased. Except for the 25℃ storage temperature treatment, there was no significant variation of respiration during the storage. Ethylene production from the cut fronds also increased with increasing storage temperature and storage period during the fix six days. Ethylene production reached a maximum and then decreased before the storage life expired. There were no marked differences in dry weight and titratable acidity of the cut fronds which had received various storage temperatures and packaging treatments. Cut fronds stored at 5℃ had highest vitamin C and chlorophyll contents, and the lowest electrolyte leakage, PPO and POD activities. As for the comparison of packaging treatments, cut fronds packed with corrugated box had the longest storage life at 5℃. As compared with other treatments, cut fronds packed with corrugated box within PE liner had lower weight loss, but higher PPO and POD activities, resulted in browning crozier and shortened storage life. Therefore, cut fronds of bird's nest fern should be packed with corrugated box and stored at 5℃ to maintain the quality and extend storage life.