臺灣之葡萄生產

Grape Production in Taiwan

The earliest record of grape cultivation in Taiwan was in 1684. Wine industry began to develop in Taiwan in 1953. Production of table grapes started to increase in the 1960’s. The area of grape production reached a peak of 5,293 ha in 1995. However, the production area decreased by half after the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation terminated the wine grape purchase agreement with growers in 1996. Today, most grapes grown in Taiwan are for table use and the dominant cultivar is 'Kyoho'. The total planted area of grapes is about 3,000 ha and the production was about 100,000 tonnes with a value of about 4,500 million NT dollars (150 million US dollars). Forcing culture of grapes is already a very mature technique in Taiwan. By controlling pruning time, use of bud-breaking agents, and use of simple plastic greenhouses to raise orchard temperatures during wintertime, grapes can be produced all year-round in Taiwan. Therefore, the grape industry in Taiwan is still very competitive. Government supports for research projects and breeding programs is the most significant factor to determine the future of the grape industry in Taiwan. 臺灣栽培葡萄的最早紀錄始於1684年，可能是由中國大陸早期移民攜入。臺灣釀酒產業則開始於1953年，而鮮食葡萄栽培也於1960年代快速增加。葡萄栽培面積在1995年達到高峰5,293公頃。但是當臺灣菸酒公司在1996年停止向葡萄果農購買釀酒葡萄之後，葡萄栽培面積幾乎減少了一半。目前在臺灣生產的葡萄大多是鮮食用，主要品種為巨峰，葡萄總栽培面積約3,000公頃，產量約100,000公噸，產值約45億台幣（1.5億美金）。臺灣葡萄產期調節技術已經非常純熟，經由控制修剪時間，使用催芽劑，以及冬季利用簡易塑膠棚升高果園溫度，葡萄在臺灣可以全年生產。因此臺灣葡萄產業仍然相當具有競爭力。政府對研究及育種計畫的支持程度，將是決定臺灣葡萄產業未來發展之最重要因素。