臺灣冬季生產結球萵苣外銷之探討

Study on the Production of Head Lettuce for Export in Winter Season of Taiwan

臺灣在2002年以前一直是結球萵苣的進口國，進口主要來自美國和澳洲。臺灣冬季陽光充足、氣溫適中、病蟲害少，非常適合萵苣類蔬菜的生產，過去農民只習慣種植葉萵苣，或者生產大量十字花科蔬菜，導致冬季蔬菜產量過剩，菜價嚴重下跌，但結球萵苣仍然產量不足，需仰賴進口。2002年由行政院農業委員會成立計畫，結合蔬菜栽培、選種、農藥安全使用及檢疫等專家，試著在雲林縣輔導農民組織產銷班，以策略聯盟方式生產結球萵苣，共同選別、包裝和運銷，供應內外銷市場，成效相當不錯，尤其日本市場頗具開發潛力，證明台灣在冬季也能成為結球萵苣的出口國，同時亦因為可以結球萵苣的生產取代部份十字花科蔬菜的生產面積，不但大為減輕臺灣冬季蔬菜生產過剩的壓力，也為農民找到有利可圖、適合生產內外銷的冬季蔬菜種類。 Head lettuce is mostly imported from other countries to Taiwan before 2002. Winter of Taiwan is very ideal for the growth of many cool season vegetables. Overproduction of cole crops like cabbage, cauliflower, and Chinese cabbage is always a problem in winter. The research demonstrated that farmers could be guided and organized to produce head lettuce in winter time and export the product to the neighboring countries with good profits. It not only creates a business model for farmers to earn money but also diminishes the overproduction problem of winter vegetables in Taiwan.