中文寫作教學策略對創造力成效之統合分析

A Meta-analysis of the Impacts of Chinese Writing Teaching Strategies on Writing Creativity Outcomes

本研究旨在利用統合分析軟體對教學實徵研究效果值之計算，探討中文寫作教學策略對寫作創造力教學成效的影響並提出適合不同條件的學生條件、需求及目的之有效預測。為達研究目的，研究者利用「中文」、「寫作教學」、「創造力」等關鍵字檢索國內主要文獻資料庫，就回傳資料逐篇比對納入與排除準則後的實證研究，經整合，有以下五點發現： 一、本研究中的寫作教學策略，如心智圖法、創思教學法及合作學習等，是值得推廣的創造力教學策略。 二、從不同的寫作教學策略介入的成效，合作學習法的效果最佳。 三、以不同年段的受試對象來看，合作學習策略對寫作創造力成效最佳的年段是國小中、高年級生；而創思教學法對國中一、二年級生的寫作創造力成效最佳。 四、從不同教學時間來看，可以心智圖法和創思教學法的教學實驗時間是每週2節且持續10週的創造力成效最佳；而合作學習法則是每週1節且持續7週的成效最佳。 五、中文寫作教學策略對不同創造力類別成效的整合結果是一致的，皆顯示合作學習教學策略對於寫作創造力的成效最佳，其次是心智圖法，最後為創思教學法。 The purpose of this study is to the impact of writing strategies on creativity and to propose effective alternatives for students with different conditions, needs and goals through the effect size calculated by meta-analysis software on empirical studies examined from the perspectives of best-evidence synthesis. After a few keywords were used to search Taiwanese bibliographic database, 13 articles were coded and synthesized on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were as follows: First, the study shows that nearly all of the comprehension strategies were effective, including those teaching strategies using mind-maps, creative-thinking instruction and cooperative learning. Second, the strategy of cooperative learning was best able to support and enhance creativity in writing. Third, 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th) and 6^(th) grade elementary students best exemplified the strategy of cooperative learning to enhance their abilities in fluency, flexibility and originality, while 7^(th) and 8^(th) grade (junior high) students best exemplified the strategy of creative thinking in general. Fourth, it turned out that two sessions per week for 10 weeks led to the best outcomes for the use of mind-maps to enhance their ability to writing creativity, while having one session per week for 7 weeks seemed to lead to the best outcomes for the use and further development of cooperative learning, mind-map strategies and creative thinking. Finally, then, the best outcome was seen when all three “moderators? of creativity- fluency, flexibility and originality-were affected by the teaching strategy of cooperative learning, followed by mind-maps and creative-thinking instruction.