從存在哲學深掘運動的焦慮問題

Exploring the problem of anxiety in sport from the perspective of existential philosophy

本研究意圖探究運動中的焦慮究竟為何，現今的討論大多以自然科學觀點來進行探討，將其定義成對情境的反應結果，並藉由這種對象化、清晰化與概念化的運作方式得到了豐碩的成果。然而，在運動哲學的研究裡，焦慮被認為是個人私己的生命經驗過程，但其鮮少被系統性地整理與討論。故本研究試圖以存在哲學的觀點，將其區分成存在者的焦慮與存在的焦慮兩者，從存在者焦慮的觀點梳理自然科學觀點下的焦慮觀念的發展。此外，藉由存在哲學家各自對存在焦慮的探究，和存在現象學的方法操作，以釐清運動中的存在焦慮究竟為何。研究結果顯示，兩者在本質與層次上皆不同，作為反應結果的存在者焦慮，是運動的存在焦慮的一種衍伸表達的形式，故存在焦慮優先於存在者焦慮，並且是存在者焦慮的基礎。因此運動的存在焦慮不能作為反應結果來看待，因其根本地是主體在面對運動世界時，一種最原初的不安情緒表達，在這意義底下，存在即是焦慮。 This study intends to explore what is the anxiety in sports. Most of today's research on the anxiety of sports has mainly been approached from the perspective of natural sciences, in which anxiety has been reduced into a result of response. The objectifying, clear and conceptual means can be used to obtain fruitful results, and can even develop many methods to cope with it. However, in sports philosophy, anxiety is considered to be the process of personal experience, but it is rarely systematically organized and discussed. Therefore, this research attempts to divide it into the entity`s anxiety and the existential anxiety from the perspective of entity's anxiety that examines the development about anxiety in the circle of natural sciences. In addition, by exploring the existentialist thinkers' discourses on the existential anxiety as well as the methodological operation of the existential phenomenology, the study strives to clarify the existential anxiety in sports. The results show that the two are different in essence and level. The entity's anxiety as the result of reaction, which is a form of expression of existential anxiety in sports. Hence, the existential anxiety, prior to the entity's anxiety, serves as the basis of the existential anxiety. It can't be seen as a result of reaction in sports, as it is essentially the most original expression of uneasiness in the face of the world of sports. In this sense, we can say that existence is anxiety.