阻力訓練對跆拳道減重選手肌肉質量與運動表現之影響

The effects of resistance training on muscle mass and sport performance in weight-loss Taekwondo athletes

緒論：減重將降低運動員的肌肉質量及運動表現，但有研究認為配合阻力訓練的減重選手可降低體脂肪、增加除脂肪體重與維持最佳肌力表現。本研究的目的是探討跆拳道減重選手進行八週的週期化阻力訓練對肌肉質量及運動表現之影響。方法：26名大專跆拳道選手為受試者，其中16位參加大專院校運動會者依據是否減重分成無減重之一般組（男3位、女4位）及減重組（男5位、女4位），其餘10位受試者為無減重且無接受阻力訓練之控制組（男5位、女5位）。一般組及減重組進行八週每週二次的週期化訓練課程。所有組別於訓練前、後實施肌肉質量及運動表現檢測。所得資料以單因子變異數分析比較三組各基準值差異，並以混合設計二因子變異數分析比較三組間各依變項差異情形。當交互作用達顯著時，則分別進行獨立樣本及相依樣本單純主要效果檢定，並以Scheffe法進行事後比較。結果：一般組肌肉質量、最大肌力、速度獲得顯著增強效果（p < .05）。減重組的速度與連續動作爆發力有顯著衰退效果（p < .05）。此外，一般組肌肉質量、速度進步百分比顯著高於減重組（p < .01）。一般組連續動作爆發力顯著高於減重組及控制組（p < .05）。減重組連續動作爆發力進步百分比顯著低於一般組及控制組（p < .05）。結論：減重選手接受阻力訓練只維持了肌肉質量、最大肌力與單一動作爆發力，但無法維持連續高動力輸出的表現。 Introduction: Weight loss reduced the athlete's muscle mass and sport performance. However, some studies have suggested that resistance training could increase muscle mass and maintain strength performance for weight-loss athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on muscle mass and performance in weight-loss Taekwondo athletes. Methods: Twenty-six college Tae Kwon Do athletes were divided into no weight loss training group (NWLT, n = 7), weight loss training group (WLT, n = 9) and control group (Co, n = 10). Two training groups completed an 8 week resistance training program that included 2 training sessions per week. Co group did not lose weight and not involve in the resistance training course. Before and after the resistance training, the percentage of muscle mass and sport performance were evaluated. Data of baseline testing were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Data also were analyzed by using mixed design of two-way ANOVA to compare the difference within groups, and the difference of training effects between groups. Result: Muscle mass, 1RM squat and 30 meters sprint were significant enhanced in NWLT group (p < .05). Five continuous countermovement jump, and the 30 meters sprint were significant reduced in WLT group (p < .05). Progress percentage of muscle mass and 30 meters sprint in NWLT group were significant higher than WLT group (p < .01). Progress percentage of 5 continuous countermovement jump was significant lower than NWLT group and Co group (p < .05). Conclusion: Resistance training only maintain weight-loss athletes' muscle mass, 1RM strength and explosive force of single jump, but unable to maintain sustained high power performance.