課後有氧舞蹈介入對青少年女生認知功能與身體自我知覺的影響

Effects of an after-school aerobic dance intervention on cognitive function and physical self-perception in adolescent girls

緒論：研究顯示，從對健康的益處而言，兒童可能沒有從事足夠的身體活動量，且這是令人擔憂的，因為兒童時期養成的身體活動習慣可能會持續到成年時期。身體活動不僅和慢性疾病的預防有關，也和認知功能及自我價值有關，鮮少研究探討身體活動介入對高中女學生認知功能與身體自我知覺的影響。方法：一百位坐式生活型態的10-12年級高中女學生自願參與本研究。研究參與者隨機分配為課後有氧舞蹈介入（實驗組；n = 50）或控制組（n = 50）。實驗組接受每週三次、每次30分鐘共計12週的有氧舞蹈課程，控制組則沒有參與任何有氧舞蹈課程且維持正常作息。研究參與者每節課配戴心跳監測器以確認有氧舞蹈課程維持在中等費力強度。以威斯康辛卡片分類測驗及身體自我知覺問卷評估有氧舞蹈課程前後研究參與者的認知功能與身體自我知覺。主要資料以混合設計二因子變異數分析來考驗，統計顯著水準訂為p < .05。結果：實驗組在參與12週有氧舞蹈課程後，其總正確次數及概念層級表現均較控制組為高且達顯著水準。再者，實驗組在參與12週有氧舞蹈課程後，其知覺外表吸引力、身體狀況、身體自我價值均較控制組為高且達顯著水準。結論：由上述結果可以建議，規律參與有氧舞蹈課程能影響某些支持心理健康的潛在發展，且對個人整個生命週期有效的認知功能和身體自我知覺的發展過程可能是必要的。

Introduction: Research has shown that children may not be engaging in sufficient physical activity (PA) for health benefits, and this is of concern as PA habits that develop in childhood may persist into adult life. PA is associated with not only chronic diseases prevention, but also cognitive function and self-worth. Few research studies have investigated how PA interventions can affect the cognitive functioning and physical self-perception of high school female students. Methods: One hundred 10th–12th grade female students leading a sedentary lifestyle volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either an after-school aerobic dance intervention (experimental group; n = 50) or a control group (n = 50). The experimental group received an aerobic dance intervention 3 days a week over a period of 12 weeks. The control group did not receive the intervention. Participants engaged in aerobic exercise sessions of moderate to vigorous intensity, and their individual heart rates were monitored during each session. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Physical Self-Perception Profile were administered before and after the intervention in a pretest-posttest control group design. Primary data analysis was conducted using a mixed two-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: The analysis results revealed that the aerobic dance intervention group exhibited a higher total correct performance and a greater conceptual level response than the control group after the intervention. Furthermore, the exercise group exhibited improved body attractiveness, physical condition, and physical self-worth after the aerobic dance intervention compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results suggested that regular participation of aerobic dance exercise can affect certain underlying processes that support psychological health and may be necessary for effective cognitive function and physical self-perception throughout the lifespan of an individual.