法祖講學：明中後期《高皇帝御製文集》刊行及其意義

Modeling the Ancestors and Discoursing on Learning: The Publication of Ming Taizu's Literary Collection–the Gao huangdi yuzhi wenji–and Its Significance from the Mid to Late Ming

本文首先探討嘉靖、萬曆時期《高皇帝御製文集》的刊刻背景及緣由，由此揭示嘉靖「法祖講學」的風潮下，《御製文集》如何被湛若水、楊起元等援引佐證講學宗旨，反映晚明的學術思想是如何納入不同的材料，即使是「御製」的太祖文集亦成為士人讀本。其次釐清各版本的關係及史料價值，特別是揭示萬曆十年（1582）姚士觀、沈鈇的《御製文集》混雜《皇明英烈傳》、《遵聞錄》等小說稗史不實內容，影響清人《四庫全書》以至今人對太祖的研究。 This article investigates the publication of various editions of Ming Taizu's 明太祖 literary collection during the Jiajing 嘉靖 (1522-1566) and Wanli 萬曆 (1573-1620) eras in order to reveal the impact upon the intellectual elite of the Great Rites Controversy and the Jiajing emperor's ritual reforms. First, it shows that Ming Taizu's literary collection was primarily bestowed to nobles and princes as a gift. Thus, most intellectuals did not have the opportunity to personally read the collection in the period immediately following its publication, and its content came to be disseminated via quotations found in Chiu Jun's 丘濬 (1421-1495) works. The second section of the article explains how scholars like Zhan Ruoshui 湛若水 (1466-1560) made use of Taizu's positions to support their doctrines. This led to his literary collection becoming closely related to discourses on learning during the late Ming, which in turn resulted in its being published in greater numbers. Third, it discusses the value of, and the relationships between, different editions of Taizu's literary collection, and shows that content from unreliable sources came to be inserted into the text during the Wanli period. Finally, the article analyzes the impact of changes in political culture during the Jiajing era through an examination of the publication of Taizu's literary collection and its influence on intellectual discourse.