以韓非思想反思人權的本質與爭議

Introspecting the Nature and Arguments of Human Rights by Han Fei

韓非因強調尊君與嚴刑峻法，故難以被認為其思想為保障人權。人權論者欲析論中國傳統政治思想，多將論點置於孔孟儒家。本文則以法家韓非思想為主、西方人權觀為輔，作為本文立論基礎，從對人權本質的理解與定義出發，以認清利害、嚴刑峻法和限制君主三個途徑，分別呈現韓非思想保障人權之價值，進而以韓非保障人權之思想，反思人權在本質上之相關爭議。 Since Han Fei emphasized the respect for the emperors and severe laws and punishment, his thoughts could not be conceived as protection of human rights. When exploring traditional Chinese political thoughts, scholars in human rights tend to refer their arguments to Confucius and Mencius. This study, with the western view of human rights, however, focuses on Han Fei's thoughts of Legalists. Upon the comprehension and definition of essence of human rights, this article presents the value of Han Fei's human rights and further reflects on essential disputes of human rights brought up by Han Fei in terms of three aspects: the recognition of gains and losses, severe laws and punishment, and restriction against emperors.