論國家賠償法中「公權力」之概念──以給付行政與行政私法為探討核心

Discussion on the Concept of “Public Authority＂ in State Compensation Law–Focus on the Administration Grant and Administration Private Law

長久以來，行政如何定義與分類常常困擾著學說與實務，而這個困擾也同樣影響著國家賠償法。實務見解常常以「給付行政」推論屬「公權力行政」，除了造成「給付行政」等同於「公權力行政」之誤解外，已衍生出私經濟行政中之「行政私法」是否有國家賠償法之適用，本文從學說與實務見解釐清相關疑義，並認為我國係採公私二元分立之國家且國家賠償法係以「公權力」為構成要件，故除非行政私法之事件以「轉換」為公權力行政後，方有適用國家賠償法，至於給付行政本係與國家賠償之認定無關，實務見解之推論恐有誤會。 How to define and classify administration has long been perplexing the theory and practice. The same issues also trouble and affect State Compensation Law. Practical views often have inference that administration grant belongs to public power on administration. Such a view often causes misunderstanding that administration grant is equal to public power on administration, in addition, it results the issues in the application of State Compensation Law when involving “administration private law＂ in private economic administration. This article endeavor to clarify the relative issues from the viewpoints of theory and practice, and concludes that in Taiwan, we adopt binary separation of public and private, also, public authority constitutes part of State Compensation Law. Unless the administrative private law event “convert＂ into public power administration, it is then applicable to State Compensation Law. In the regard of administration grant, it is not relevant to the approval of State Compensation Law. Thus, it shall be a misunderstanding in the inference from practical views.