| 英文摘要 |
Prostate, bladder and kidney cancer are the three most common types of genitourinarycancer in the world. Of these, prostate and bladder cancers are within the top 10 mostcommon cancers in men. Notably, kidney cancer causes no obvious symptoms in the earlystages. To satisfy clinical-management requirements, researchers have developednumerous biomarkers by applying proteomic approaches using clinical serum, urine andtissue specimens, as well as cell and animal models. Through application of biomarkerpipeline protocols, including discovery, verification and validation phases, and massspectrometricbased proteomic platforms coupled with multiplexed quantification assays,these studies have led to recent rapid progress in this area. With improvements inmass-spectrometric based proteomic techniques, numerous promising biomarker candidatesand marker panels for various clinical purposes have been proposed. Verification ofnovel protein biomarker candidates is very resource demanding (e.g. on the clinical andlaboratory sides). With the support of national consortia, it is now possible to investigatethe future clinical use of such biomarker strategies and assess their cost-effectiveness inpersonalized medicine. |
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