亞太地區主要機場在中轉航線之競爭力分析

A Competitive Analysis of Asia Pacific Airports in Transit Routes

亞太地區位於東西向航線與南北向航線的銜接位置，中轉航線之客源，成為該地區機場重要的目標市場，這也導致各機場之間的競爭越來越激烈。不過，航線樞紐機場，除了機場本身地理位置、運能與設施等客觀條件之外，也受到航空公司航線開闢的影響。在航線開闢或軟硬體建設等投資決策上，若能掌握潛在客源規模、旅客移動路線等資料，將更有助於決策品質的提高。在此一背景下，本研究首先以香港營運資料為基礎，界定亞太地區重要的中轉航線，再針對重要中轉航線做進一步的分析。本研究採用次級資料分析方法，利用所購置的機場資料專業網站以及資料庫公司旅客移動資料，分別進行機場供給面與需求面（旅客移動）之分析，藉以瞭解各主要機場在不同中轉航線的競爭力現況。研究發現，香港機場與仁川機場在亞太地區重要中轉航線中，都具有相當強的競爭優勢。桃園機場則在東南亞中轉北美航線方面，擁有不錯的競爭優勢，但此一優勢尚無法全面性擴及所有中轉航線。中轉航線樞紐機場的關鍵成功因素之一，需要建立兩個銜接地區的綿密航網，以提高中轉的便利性。如果機場可以同時成為數個中轉航線的樞紐，在航網的開闢上會更有經濟規模優勢，此一優勢可以從香港與仁川同時作為中國大陸、東南亞、北美等地區的中轉樞紐機場中獲得印證。根據研究發現，本研究建議臺灣可以既有的東北亞、北美航班優勢，評估延伸到澳洲、南亞、乃至於歐洲等地區的可行性，以擴大中轉客源。同時，也應針對臺灣到香港中轉旅客的移動路線與消費模式進行深入分析，爭取本地旅客之中轉客源。 Asia Pacific locates on the connection of south-north bound route and eastwest bound route. Competition for transit travelers becomes more and more fierce between the airports in this area. However, to be a hub airport depends not only the capacities and hardware/software infrastructure but also the density of route network which the airlines can support. From the airline company , s viewpoint, creation of new route needs more data about travelers , movements and market analysis. In most of time, data available are very limited. Under such circumstance, this study tries to identify important transit routes for Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) of Taiwan, and conduct in-depth competition analysis for each transit route. This study uses secondary data from airport data base for supply side and demand side analysis. The supply side analysis focuses on comparison of airline network among targeted airports. While the demand side analysis focuses on the travelers , movement route. Major findings as following: In Asia Pacific area, Hong Kong and In-Cheon airport in Korea (ICN) have higher competitive advantage for their high density of network linkage. Taoyuan International Airport owns competitive advantage in transit route of South East Asia to North America. One of key success factors of a hub airport for transit route is the high density of airline network connecting two areas. The more areas a hub airport link, the more economics of scale advantage of this airport will have. Airline of Taiwan could evaluate the potential of South Asia, Australia to North America and North East Asia transit route by utilizing the advantage of Taiwan-Japan and Taiwan-America airline network. Also, in depth understanding of the consumer behavior and movement route of local customers are essential for enhancement of competitiveness.