跨太平洋夥伴協定（TPP）與台灣經貿、安全與發展戰略

Trans-pacific Partnership and Taiwan's Strategy on Economic Development and National Security

跨太平洋戰略夥伴協定（Trans-Pacific Partnership, TPP）佔全球四成GDP及三分之一的貿易量，是繼1994年GATT（關稅貿易總協定）烏拉圭回合結束以來，規模最大的國際經貿談判。TPP標榜是高品質的FTA，在農工產品關稅、原產地規定、服務貿易、智慧財產權、國有企業等議題上，開放幅度較以往更大，或設立新的標準；更涵蓋政策協調、法規透明化等深度整合議題；也首度將許多新議題，如中小企業、環境與勞動標準、網路資訊安全與農業生物科技，納入協定當中。本文將從經濟與政治兩個層面，針對TPP成形的背景與進展作一概述，包括FTA的區域主義風潮與美國「重返亞洲」的戰略布局，其次綜觀TPP談判的重要議題以及未來的重要時程，最後再就台灣加入TPP應有的準備工作，提出分析與建議。 Trans-pacific Partnership, accounting for 40% of world's GDP and 1/3 of world's gross value of international trade, is by far the largest international economic framework followed by the Uruguay round under GATT in 1944. Generally, TPP is a delicately designated free trade agreement. It intends to widen the free trade market, set up several new standards on the subject of tariff of agricultural and industrial products, label of national origin, service trade, intellectual property rights, and state-owned enterprises, etc. Besides, it also sets up a framework for policy coordination, transparency requirement, and deep discussion of integral topics. Moreover, the TPP covers several new topics including SME, standard for environmental protection and labor rights, informational security, and agricultural and biological technology. This article first provides a comprehensive overview of TPP from both economic and political perspectives including regionalism and USA's back-to-Asia policy. Second, the author analyzes important issues during the period of negotiation and future perspectives on the development of TPP. In the end, this article provides analysis and suggestion on Taiwan's preparation and participation of TPP.