「請求用語」之中日對照研究──以較慎重的請求信函為例

A Comparison Study of “Request Expression”between Chinese and Japanese─Use the Formal Request Letter as Example

本研究的主要目的，在於了解中文和日文較慎重的請求信函裡，所使用之請求用語的種類、請求用語的使用情況，以及提升請求用語慎重禮貌程度的手段。 首先，請求用語的種類和使用情況方面，分析結果如下： （1）中文和日文較慎重的請求信函裡所使用之請求用語的類型，主要可分為「要求型」「疑問型」「希望型」「信函型」「條件型」等5種類型。 （2）中文和日文較慎重的請求信函裡，進行第一次請求時，主要使用規約性間接式請求用語，其中使用最多的是疑問型。而再次請求時，主要使用直接式請求用語的要求型。 其次，有關提升請求用語慎重禮貌程度的手段方面，其分析結果如下： （1）共同點：﹝1﹞使用附加疑問句、﹝2﹞使用包含否定型的疑問句、﹝3﹞疑問句中添加不定推量表現、﹝4﹞使用慎重禮貌程度較高，或間接性程度較高的措辭。 （2）相異處：日文較常使用陳述副詞。中文則會使用語氣助詞，或是表示被請求者會給予請求者恩惠的語句，亦或是表示請求者和被請求者之間有地位差距的人稱代名詞。 Main purpose of this research is to analyze and understand types, usage, and strategy applied for raising politeness of “request expression” in those Chinese and Japanese formal request letters. Firs to fall, result of analyzing types and usage: Chinese and Japanese have something in common. For example, (1)There are 5 principal types of “request expression” including Direct Request, Questioning, Wishing, Letter, and Conditional. (2)Conventionally indirect request type is mainly used by those who request for the first time. Questioning type was used mostly. Direct Request type is used mostly when request again. Secondly, regarding utilizing strategy applied for raising politeness, following is the analysis result: (1)Common: ﹝1﹞Use tag question, ﹝2﹞Use negative question, ﹝3﹞Use uncertain question, ﹝4﹞Use term with higher level politeness. (2)Different: Declarative Adverb is used often in Japanese. But in Chinese, Modal Particle, wording indicting the favor will be granted, or personal pronouns used between different social status is used.