社區高齡者參與志願服務動機、社會支持及生活滿意度

The Motivation of Participation, Social Support and Life Satisfaction of Community Elders in Voluntary Services

老人投入社區志願服務，不僅可藉由助人的過程，增加其價值感，更可以對社區志願服務注入一股自助互助的力量。由於先前志願服務之研究對象著重於中老年人，隨著平均餘命增加，越來越多年長者也開始加入志工服務，但國內相關研究較少。因此，本研究的目的在探討社區高齡志願服務者參與志願服務的動機、社會支持及生活滿意度的相關性。採橫斷性研究設計，招募台中、南投及彰化三縣市有規則參與志工活動（1次／月或以上）、使用國、台語溝通、意識清楚及同意參與本研究的社區老人有198位平均年齡72.5歲的長者參與本研究。以結構性問卷，透過面對面訪談進行資料收集，研究期間從2014年2月至4月。結果顯示參與志工類型以宗教服務最多（42％）呈現高強度服務動機（平均得分4.30分）、經常獲得社會支持（平均得分2.60分）及高強度生活滿意度（平均得分4.12分）。影響高齡者志願服務參與動機、社會支持及生活滿意度因素，包括教育程度、經濟狀況、自覺健康狀況、有共同居住者、有無慢性病等變項，其中經濟狀況同時影響高齡者志願服務參與動機（F＝3.47, p＝.03）、社會支持（F ＝10.13, p＜.001）及生活滿意度（F＝12.45, p＜.001）。高齡志願服務者參與志願服務動機愈高者，其生活滿意度愈高（r＝0.30, p＜.001）；而參與動機愈高者，其社會支持愈高（r＝0.37, p＜.001）；生活滿意度愈高者，其社會支持相對愈高（r＝0.36, p＜.001）。本結果可提供未來規畫高齡者志願服務策略之參考。 Community dwelling elders who provide volunteer services experience an increased sense of wellbeing and empowerment. Previous studies have primarily focused on middle aged adults, and there are few studies that examine the motives, social support, and life satisfaction of older adults performing volunteer services. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of motivation, social support, and life satisfaction among older adults in the community who perform volunteer services. The study was a cross-sectional study that utilized a purposeful sampling scheme. Subjects included older adults in Taichung, Nantou, and Changhua who regularly participated in volunteer activities (at least once a week), and were able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese. Informed consent was obtained from the participants in this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires between February and April 2014. A total of 198 participants with an average age of 72.5 years were included into the study. Religious service was the most common type of volunteer service (42%). The mean score for motivation to volunteer was 4.30; social support was 2.60, and life satisfaction was 4.12. The motivation to volunteer, social support, and life satisfaction scores were significantly associated with educational level, economic status, perceived health status, cohabitation, and the status of chronic diseases. Volunteers' economic status influenced the motivation to volunteer (F = 3.47, p = .03), social support (F = 10.13, p < .001)and life satisfaction (F = 12.45, p < .001).The higher the motivation to volunteer was, the higher the life satisfaction (r = 0.30, p < .001)and social support (r = 0.37, p < .001) were. The higher the life satisfaction was, the higher social support (r = 0.36, p < .001) was. The results could provide a reference for planning a strategy to promote volunteer service of community dwelling elderly in the future.