1960年代初香港與臺灣電影中的族群對立與和解：《南北和》、《兩相好》與《龍山寺之戀》

Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in the Movies of Hong Kong and Taiwan in the Early 1960s: The Greatest Civil War on Earth, Good Neighbors and Romance at Lung Shan Temple

由於受到228事件及國民黨專政之影響，1950年代的臺灣幾乎不見任何有關族群議題之電影作品，而只有少數以官方之名所發行的政治宣傳片。然而，1961年由香港導演王天林所拍攝之《南北和》，以詼諧幽默之風格處理不同族群間的對立與和解，卻意外地促成了臺灣導演拍攝族群議題之契機。其中李行的《兩相好》與白克的《龍山寺之戀》皆探討新舊世代差異與族群通婚現象，以喜劇手法處理臺灣的敏感省籍衝突議題。本文以上述三部電影為考察核心，透過電影美術與服裝設計等視覺呈現之分析，比較1960年代初期香港與臺灣電影中再現的族群議題，而有下列三點發現：首先是在香港並無因族群差異所導致的利益衝突，反觀臺灣則在族群權力關係上，有外省籍優於本省籍的設定出現；其次在新舊世代與通婚現象層面，香港是藉由青年世代的通婚，進而影響傳統世代的族群觀念，而臺灣始終都是舊世代在主導著族群認同；最後是關於探討族群對立與和解的過程中發現，儘管香港與臺灣的文化脈絡相異，但作為一種想像的西方文化與族群，持續地出現在族群認同的建構過程之中，因而這個「第三者」實有其必要納入討論。 Due to the 228 incident and the Kuomintang authoritarian regime, almost no film work on ethnic issues was seen in Taiwan in the 1950s. Instead, only a few films were produced as political propaganda by the official. In 1961, however, The Greatest Civil War on Earth filmed by Hong Kong director Wang Tian-lin, which portrayed the ethnic conflict and reconciliation in a witty and humorous manner, unexpectedly motivated Taiwanese directors in filming ethnic issues. Among them, Li Xing's Good Neighbors and Bai Ke's Romance at Lung Shan Temple both explored the phenomenon of generation gap and ethnic intermarriage, dealing with the highly controversial dispute between Chinese Mainlanders and Taiwanese with a comic touch. Based on the analysis of the visual representation such as costume and production design, this article compares the ethnic issues in the movies of Hong Kong and Taiwan in the early 1960s with the following three findings. The first is that there is no conflict of interest caused by ethnic differences in Hong Kong. On the contrary, in Taiwan, the plot of Mainlanders having more advantage than Taiwanese appears in ethnic power relations. Secondly, it is the ethnic intermarriage of young generations that results in the ethnic reconciliation of old generations in Hong Kong, while in Taiwan the old generations always take command of shaping the ethnic identity. Finally, when discussing the ethnic issues, it is found that although Hong Kong and Taiwan have different cultural backgrounds, an imagined Western ethnic and culture continues to emerge in the process of constructing ethnic identities. Therefore, this ＂third party＂ becomes a crucial part in the discussion.