重新檢視中國婚姻法制史——以協議離婚與撫養費為中心（The Re-Examination of Chinese Marriage Law History: Discussion Focusing on Topics of Divorce Agreement and Child Support Expenses）

中国における婚姻法制史再検討－特に協議離婚と養育費を中心に－

在中國（中華人民共和國）規範親屬關係的法律為“婚姻法”。至今為止，婚姻法多被認為是中國共產黨基於打破傳統如男尊女卑、忽視子女利益等封建婚姻制度所制定之。然而本文對此見解提出疑義。除此之外，一般認為中國法是以蘇維埃聯邦為首的社會主義法為母法；但是中國婚姻法沒有社會主義法的特色（例如，無裁判離婚以外的離婚方式、從薪資所得中自動扣除養育費款項等的社會主義親屬法特徵）。本文的目的是，藉由重新檢視中國婚姻法的歷史，從而探討上述幾項內容。結論闡述，過去的研究認為“在中國，打破封建婚姻觀的是中國共產黨政權”之觀點並非絕對正確；再者，中國的婚姻法並不全然具備社會主義親屬法的特色，且存在中國所獨有形塑法律制度的部分。 Marriage law determines domestic relations in the People’s Republic of China. Until now, marriage law is established by the Chinese communist party to break its patriarchic traditions laid out by the feudal marriage system, which neglected the children’s right. This paper aims to address the conundrum as mentioned. Additionally, it is generally recognized that the modern Chinese law uses Soviet Union’s socialist law as their enabling statute. However, Chinese marriage law lacks the characteristics of Soviet law (for example, qualities of the socialist family law such as the only way to get a divorce is with a divorce judgment and child support fees are automatically deducted from the legal guardian’s salaries). The objective of this paper is to reexamine Marriage Law’s history in China by exploring the nuances listed above. In conclusion, the previous research deemed that it was the ‘Chinese communist party who broke the feudal marriage system in China’ though it is not entirely correct. Furthermore, China’s Marriage law consists of the unique Chinese approach on the legal system, which does not possess the traits of Socialist Law.