ICSID審前異議制度研究

Preliminary Objection Rules under ICSID Regime

在ICSID仲裁的實踐中，部分濫訴案件因仲裁程序上的缺陷無法被及時終止，從而導致仲裁資源浪費、仲裁效率低下。ICSID在2006年制度改革中引入了審前異議制度，賦予當事方在仲裁程序開始前對仲裁另一方的訴請提出異議的權利，由此使得仲裁庭可以針對明顯缺乏法律依據或仲裁庭明顯沒有管轄權的訴請直接作出裁決予以駁回，由此提高了仲裁效率。但鑒於審前異議在實踐中面臨著被濫用等風險，該制度在ICSID最新一輪的規則修訂中仍有完善的空間。

In the practice of ICSID arbitration, abuse of litigation usually cannot be terminated in time due to the inherent defects in the arbitration procedure, which leads to waste of arbitration resources and inefficiency of arbitration. ICSID introduced preliminary objection rules during ICSID Rules improvement in 2006, which entitles both of the parties the right to challenge the other party's claims before the start of arbitral proceedings, thereby allowing the arbitral tribunal to dismiss the case lacking legal merit manifestly. Also, the claims without jurisdiction are directly rejected, thereby improving the efficiency of arbitration. However, given the risk of abuse of preliminary objection rules in practice, there is still room for improvement in the latest round of rule revision of ICSID.