刑事非法證據“柔性排除”研究

非法證據排除規則的實施不一定必須通過剛性適用規則、正式作出排除決定這一種方式。專門機關通過主動棄用或者撤回有關證據即所謂的“柔性排除”，可柔化“剛性排除”難以克服的若干阻力，保障非法證據排除規則最低限度的實效性。“柔性排除”既是司法實踐的產物，又是我國非法證據排除制度的一大特點。它契合我國職權信賴的刑訴理念和對非法證據排除規則的特殊定位，也是層層把關式刑事訴訟構造的必然要求。當然，“柔性排除”的既有優勢和正向功能，並不能完全掩蓋其對構築以“審判為中心”的刑事訴訟新格局等可能存在的負面影響。當務之急，應通過合理規制，增強“柔性排除”的程式正當性，避免“柔性排除”的亂用與濫用。

Strict exclusion is not the only way of carrying out the rule of excluding evidence illegally obtained. Specialized organs generally choose to abandon or withdraw relevant evidence, or soft exclusion, which can reduce resistance and increase the effect of excluding illegal evidence to ensure minimal thresholds for the effectiveness of the exclusionary rule. Soft exclusion is not only a result of judicial practice, but also one major characteristic of the law of China concerning illegal evidence. Soft exclusion is in harmony with the concept of power-dependence and the special positioning of our exclusionary rule and is indispensible to the criminal procedural mode. Certainly, there exists negative influence in the future development of soft exclusion alongside its advantages and benefits. Therefore, reasonable regulation of soft exclusion is necessary, by which we can increase its procedural fairness and avoid its abuses and misuse.