人格權的屬性：從消極防禦到積極利用

人格權制度本身具有開放性。隨著社會經濟的發展，人格權的類型越來越豐富。天賦人權理論雖然能夠一定程度上論證人格權保護的正當性，但無法解決人格權確認、發展和保護等具體制度問題。時至今日，人格權不僅具有消極防禦的屬性，也日益具有積極利用的特征。這不僅體現在精神性人格權的積極使用上，也體現在物質性人格權的必要支配上。人格權消極防禦與積極行使並存的特徵，意味著僅僅通過對人格權類型的簡單列舉加上侵權法的救濟規範，難以實現對人格權的充分保護和有效利用。只有通過強化人格權立法，並在民法典中獨立成編地規範人格權，才能充分回應社會需求，建立科學的、面向未來的人格權制度。

The institution of personality rights is open to change. With socio-economic development in China, there are more and more types of personality rights. The theory of divine rights can justify the legitimacy of protection of personality rights to some extent, yet it cannot revolve specific issues about confirmation, development and protection of personality rights. To date, personality rights are not only negative rights but also increasingly positive rights. This is manifested in both the positive use of spiritual personality rights and necessary control of material personality rights.The co-existence of defensive and positive personality rights means that it is difficult to effectively protect and utilize personality rights by simply listing out types of personality rights and applying the remedial rules from torts law. Only through improving the legislation on personality rights and introducing an independent chapter on personality rights in China's civil code, can we respond to social needs sufficiently and establish a scientific and progressive institution of personality rights.