論控辯關係的三種樣態

隨著以審判為中心的刑事訴訟制度改革的推進，控辯關係將逐漸呈現出三種階段性的樣態。在當下中國的刑事司法語境下，控辯雙方的平等對抗只能適用於審判階段，由此形成了“對抗主導型”的審中樣態。而在進入審判前，由於作為控方的檢察機關享有批准逮捕、審查起訴等帶有司法屬性的權能，辯方通常只能與其形成交涉關係，即通過有效的資訊溝通，以說服其接受並作出有利於己方的決定，由此形成了“交涉主導型”的審前樣態。而在審判終結後，一旦發現已經生效的裁判存在錯誤，控辯之間的互動機制便會被重新啟動，由此形成了“協作主導型”的審後樣態。控辯關係的三種樣態各有其形成原因及運作機理，也都有獨特的存續時空。通過研究控辯關係的這些複雜樣態，可以為未來的中國刑事訴訟制度勾勒出新的圖景。

With the promotion of the trial-centered reform of the criminal procedural system, the prosecution-defense relation presents three models in stages. In the current Chinese context of criminal justice, the contention between the prosecutor and the defendant only exists at the trial stage. Thus, a contention-dominated model has formed at this stage. Before trial, however, as the accuser, the procuratorates are empowered with authority of judicial nature, such as arrest approval and prosecution examination. Therefore, the defendant can only form communicative relation with them, through which the defendant can persuade the procuratorates to accept and make decisions in the interests of the defendant by effective informative communication. The communication-dominated model before trial stage then comes into existence. Aftertrial, the interactive mechanism of the procurator and the defendant will be activated once the effective judgments are found erroneous, formulating the cooperation-dominated model after the trial stage. The three models all have their individual causes of formation and function mechanisms, as well as their unique applicable stages. Hopefully, it can be a blueprint for future criminal procedure system in China.