證據排除規則的發展動因：制度史解釋

落實證據裁判，完善證據制度，是我國司法改革在技術層面的重要議題，其中包括對證據排除規則體系的建構。從比較法和制度史角度觀之，排除規則體系主要是英國司法制度變革的產物。18世紀至19世紀初的一些訴訟程式變動為以排除規則篩選庭審證據這種管控方式，提供了發展動因。首先，陪審團的轉型造就了二元管控結構和處於資訊弱勢地位的事實認定者，這為排除規則的發展確立了制度空間。其次，證據成為危險性資訊源，產生了排除規則立法的實踐需求。最後，激勵對抗式舉證和支撐言詞論辯式庭審的需要，成為排除規則得以長遠發展的程式驅動。對這些發展動因的制度史解釋，能夠為反思當代我國排除規則立法的可行性和必要性提供參照。

The implementation of evidentiary adjudication and improvement of the evidence system are important issues in China's judicial reform at its technical level, including the establishment of an evidence exclusionary rulesy stem. From a comparative and historical perspective, these exclusionary rules are mainly derived from the British judicial system. Some changes in judicial procedures between the eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries provided motives for developing exclusionary rules to screen trial evidence. In the first place, thetransformation of the jury stablished the dualistic-regulation-structure and put the fact-finders in a disadvantageous position of information, which provided institutional space for exclusionary rules. Second, evidence became a dangerous information source, which generated practical necessities for legislating exclusionary rules. Lastly, the need to stimulating the adversary proof and backup verbal debating trial provided a long-run procedural drive for exclusionary rules. A historical interpretation of these developing motives will serve as a reference for rethinking the feasibility and necessity of exclusionary rules legislation in contemporary China.