漢法語關係子句研究

A Comparative Study on Relative Clauses

我們首先從語法的角度分析何謂關係子句。我們也同意法國語言學家Christian Touratier的觀點：限定性關係子句及解釋性關係子句的區別在於前者是名詞的附加結構而後者是名詞詞組的附加結構。雖然在漢語中沒有關係代名詞這項詞類，但是詞素「的」卻具備法語關係代名詞的某些語法功能。而且，漢語不但具有限定性關係子句亦有解釋性關係子句。在這個研究中我們會舉例說明如果漢語結構﹛SP :P+«de»（的）﹜置於關係建構（簡寫為CR）左邊，那麼這個結構就是限定性關係子句；如果這個結構置於關係建構右邊，那則是解釋性關係子句。

First of all, the researcher started to analyze what relative clauses are from the French language perspective. The researcher agrees with the view points from French linguist Christian Touratier that the difference between restrictive relative clauses and descriptive relative clauses is the former one as an attached item of a noun while latter one an attached item of a noun phrase. Although there is no relative clause in Chinese, morpheme “de” is actually equipped with some grammatical functions of relative clauses in French. However, Chinese has not only restrictive relative clauses but also descriptive relative clauses. In the current study, the researcher took Chinese language structure of ﹛SP : P+ « de »(的)﹜and place it to the left of CR in which structure is then regarded as restrictive relative clause. Whereas if the structure of ﹛SP : P+ « de »(的)﹜is placed to the right of CR then it is regarded as a descriptive relative clause.