文道重構‧摭意必深‧聲韻之美──孫樵文章的藝術創變及其理論觀念

The Artistic Creation of Sun Qiao’s Essay Writings and His Theoretical Concepts

作為晚唐時期韓門古文的代表作家，孫樵能夠結合時代士風的轉型，立足於寒士仕進中體現出的「窮者精神」，在文道關係的認識上，繼承儒學積極進取的淑世精神，著力宣導士人的精神理想對古文革新的思想價值和現實意義，具體到古文創作，則大體繼承了韓柳古文中彰顯的關注現實、切於世務的文章品格，希望能夠達到「文奇而理正」的藝術追求。在此基礎上，孫樵注意駢文與古文的創作經驗互補，一方面「援古入駢」，以古文精巧的藝術構思突破傳統駢文的文體創作藩籬，體現出「摭意必深」的藝術境界；另一方面則「運駢入散」，大膽吸收駢文聲韻的特色，將之運用於古文創作中，在外駢內散的藝術結構中別有聲韻之美。因此，在評論孫樵古文的艱澀古奧弊病外，還應充分注意其在創作思想與藝術追求方面的苦心孤詣。

As one of the representative writers of “Hanmen” ancient style proses in the late Tang Dynasty, the writing style of Sun Qiao combined the transformation of the intellectual characteristics of his times, which was based on the 'spirit of the poor' embodied in the social-upward approach through the civil service examinations of the “literati in poverty,” with the inherited positive and enterprising spirit of the Confucianism. This article intends to study Sun’s artistic pursuit of the 'Wen Qiqi and Li Zheng' styles. It is found that Sun Qiao paid a lot of attention to the complementary creative experience of the paralleled proses and ancient style proses. On one hand, Sun employed the ancient style prose into his paralleled prose writing, to break through the barriers between the traditional paralleled prose writing styles with the exquisite artistic conception of ancient style proses, so as to embody the artistic approach of 'profound meaning must be recondite.' On the other hand, he boldly absorbed the characteristics of rhyming from the paralleled proses, and applies it to his writing of ancient style proses. Therefore, the significances of Sun Qiao’s painstaking efforts of creative thinking and artistic pursuit should be fully recognized.