日米防衛協力の公式化とNPT 批准問題

美日防衛合作正式化與核武禁擴條約（NPT）批准問題（Development of the U.S.–Japan Defense Cooperation and Ratification of NPT ）

本文為了探究近年來明顯深化的美日防衛合作之源由，針對1978年制定「美日防衛合作指針」所形成的背景因素，特別是日本方面的因素進行考察。尤其，將佐以新近公開的美日兩國第一手史料加以證實之方式，並在此背景下針對既有研究所忽略，核武禁擴條約（NPT）批准相關問題中，自民黨黨內政治是否扮演了重要作用為命題，進行討論。換言之，批准核武禁擴條約（NPT）為三木武夫政權任內的重要政策議題，但是反對勢力在自民黨內存在（自民黨右派）他們列舉提出加強美日安保體制，以此作為合作配合批准的條件之一。而政權基礎薄弱的三木，為了因應前述條件的策略之一就是，將在此之前日本自衛隊與美軍之間非公開秘密進行策定的共同計劃予以正式公開化。這也致使最終產出制定「指針」的結果。 This paper explores the origins of the deepening U.S.–Japan defense cooperation in recent years by discussing the events that led to the formulation of the “Guidelines for the U.S.–Japan Defense Cooperation” in 1978. Newly disclosed first-hand U.S. and Japanese government materials show the background of formulating the “Guidelines,” which has been overlooked in existing research. These new findings revealed that the internal LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) politics over the issue of NPT (Non- Proliferation Treaty) ratification played an important role in the formulation of the “Guidelines.” Although the NPT ratification was an important policy issue for the Miki administration, the LDP right wing was against it and cited the enhancement of the U.S.–Japan security arrangement as one of the conditions for cooperation with ratification. Due to the foundation of Miki’s regime being weak, he had no choice but to accept it, which led to him going public on the combined military planning between the U.S. forces and Japan Self Defense Forces. This event was significant because the planning had been carried out secretly since the 1950s. All of these events culminated together ultimately led to the formulation of the “Guidelines in 1978.”

This paper explores the origins of the deepening U.S.–Japan defense cooperation in recent years by discussing the events that led to the formulation of the “Guidelines for the U.S.–Japan Defense Cooperation” in 1978. Newly disclosed first-hand U.S. and Japanese government materials show the background of formulating the “Guidelines,” which has been overlooked in existing research. These new findings revealed that the internal LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) politics over the issue of NPT (Non- Proliferation Treaty) ratification played an important role in the formulation of the “Guidelines.” Although the NPT ratification was an important policy issue for the Miki administration, the LDP right wing was against it and cited the enhancement of the U.S.–Japan security arrangement as one of the conditions for cooperation with ratification. Due to the foundation of Miki’s regime being weak, he had no choice but to accept it, which led to him going public on the combined military planning between the U.S. forces and Japan Self Defense Forces. This event was significant because the planning had been carried out secretly since the 1950s. All of these events culminated together ultimately led to the formulation of the “Guidelines in 1978.”