トランプ政権の登場と日本の外交戦略–北朝鮮・中国・ロシア–

川普政權的誕生與日本外交戰略――北韓、中國、俄羅斯（The Trump Administration and Japanese Foreign Policy: North Korea, China and Russia ）

川普的「美國第一」政策不僅反映出美國的國內矛盾，亦顯現了當今國際社會的情勢。在國防、安全保障和外交方面，川普就任總統後，採取能夠視情況來運用軍事力量的「強大美國」政策，這一點在面對北韓問題時能夠顯見。在經濟方面，則是走向雙邊主義，追求美國自身的直接利益，典型的例子為從多邊主義的TPP退出。日本首相安倍晉三迄2013年至2016年為止，採取具戰略和創造性的積極施政，於2017年間亦相當有效地回應了川普的挑戰。針對北韓，安倍首相的「正是施以壓力之時」政策，姑且不論結果，至少與川普的立場達成一致。再者，川普退出TPP帶來一個絕佳的機會，讓安倍能夠對「一帶一路倡議」採取更多的理解立場，而安倍在沒有得罪川普的情況下，成功地轉換了引起中國關注的政策。另一方面，美俄之間的緊張局勢正在上升，而安倍首相與俄羅斯締結和平條約的努力仍在持續。 Trump’s “America First” policy is both a reflection of American domestic contradictions, as well as the international political situation under which major powers have begun to assert their own “Me First” policies. The Trump administration’s defense, security and foreign policies are characterized by an emphasis on a “Strong America” leveraging its military power, as seen in the administration’s handling of the North Korean issue. In terms of economic policy, the “America First” platform is seen in re-orientation towards direct enhancement of American interests through bilateralism at the expense of multilateralism, typically seen in his withdrawal from TPP. Thanks to the multiple successes of his strategic and creative initiatives over the first four years of his prime ministership between 2013 and 2016, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe was able to effectively rise to Trump’s challenge in 2017. On North Korea, Abe has taken the stance that “now is the time for pressure”. It is still unclear what the outcome of this approach will be, but so far at least it has been in harmony with Trump’s position. Trump’s withdrawal from the TPP presented Abe with the golden opportunity to show a more accommodating position on China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative, which has successfully managed to bring China closer without antagonizing Trump. Moreover, despite deepening tensions in the US-Russia relationship, Abe’s efforts towards concluding a peace treaty with Russia continue unaffected.

Trump’s “America First” policy is both a reflection of American domestic contradictions, as well as the international political situation under which major powers have begun to assert their own “Me First” policies. The Trump administration’s defense, security and foreign policies are characterized by an emphasis on a “Strong America” leveraging its military power, as seen in the administration’s handling of the North Korean issue. In terms of economic policy, the “America First” platform is seen in re-orientation towards direct enhancement of American interests through bilateralism at the expense of multilateralism, typically seen in his withdrawal from TPP. Thanks to the multiple successes of his strategic and creative initiatives over the first four years of his prime ministership between 2013 and 2016, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe was able to effectively rise to Trump’s challenge in 2017. On North Korea, Abe has taken the stance that “now is the time for pressure”. It is still unclear what the outcome of this approach will be, but so far at least it has been in harmony with Trump’s position. Trump’s withdrawal from the TPP presented Abe with the golden opportunity to show a more accommodating position on China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative, which has successfully managed to bring China closer without antagonizing Trump. Moreover, despite deepening tensions in the US-Russia relationship, Abe’s efforts towards concluding a peace treaty with Russia continue unaffected.