德國能源計畫法

The Energy Planning Law in Germany

德國能源法由於能源轉型的政策決定，已發展成一個複雜且變動頻繁的法律領域。在很大的程度上，為追求轉換成以再生能源為主的能源供給，因而對於能源計畫產生了極大的需求，這些計畫需求藉由大量的特殊能源計畫法律，被呈現出來。能源計畫法的相關規範，一方面所涉及的是能源生產設備的相關計畫，其不僅被規範在能源法中，在空間秩序法與建設計畫法中的相關規定也被包含在內，儘管存在著為數眾多的法規範，但這些法律條文仍只侷限於幾個面向，特別是關於現存傳統能源發電設備之除役以及風力能源設備之擴建的部分；另一方面，也形成了跨地區能源網絡之必要擴建的特殊計畫法，此部分的計畫法透過多階段之計畫過程而規範，而整個計畫過程，涵蓋能源網絡管線業者、立法者、行政部門與公眾，以及從電網擴建需求之確認至具體能源管線路線之確定在內。上述所提及之法律規範，一部分在德國法秩序中是史無前例的，另一部分則是將原有並沿用至今的計畫措施（例如計畫確定裁決程序）做修改。這些規範都是以能源網絡管線擴建計畫程序能夠加速進行，並且能夠提高能源網絡管線擴建之可接受性作為目的而被建構的。至於這些規範是否可以讓能源計畫法所追求的目標實現，現階段仍難以預測。 In the aftermath of the decision for an energy transition policy, German energy law has developed into a complex and dynamic field. The aspired change of energy supply for renewable energy sources demands substantial planning and has led to a significant increase of energy planning rules. On the one hand, these rules apply to energy production facilities which consequently became the subject to energy planning as well as regional and communal spatial planning law. Despite the volume of regulations, their scope is limited to certain concerns (e.g., the shutdown of conventional power plants and the expansion of wind power). On the other hand, a body of planning law tailored to facilitate the necessary expansion of energy networks has emerged. It requires a multi-step planning process in which network operators, legislators, public administration, and general public are involved. It also includes an assessment of necessity for new power lines to decide on their precise routing. While the abovementioned legal mechanisms used are unprecedented to a certain degree in German law, the established planning instruments will be partially modified. The legislation aims at accelerating the planning process as well as fostering the acceptance of the results. Nevertheless, the achievement of these goals is currently unpredictable.