加拿大矯正機關犯罪風險評估機制及相關管教措施考察紀實

A Report regarding Risk Assessment and Risk Management Based on the Visit at Correctional Institutions in Canada

風險評估及個案管理機制在加拿大刑事司法體系行之有年，矯正機關依收容人之安全層級（高、中、低度），擬訂適切之處遇計畫，並定期評估收容人在接受治療及參與課程後之改變，進而調整其風險層級及處遇。受刑人之假釋依據及刑期期滿後是否須受加拿大長期監督法案的監控，也都取決於風險評估。爰此，加拿大之風險評估對於我國矯正體系未來規劃機關屬性重新定位及假釋量表之訂定，實有重要參考價值。本次考察共前往加拿大矯正局所轄安大略地區3所聯邦矯正機關、安大略省社區安全及矯正服務部所轄2所省級成人矯正機關及兒童與少年服務部所轄1所少年矯正機關，瞭解風險評估及個案管理機制在加拿大矯正機關實務運作狀況。 Risk assessment and risk management have been utilisd in the Canadian justice system for several years. The management of the offender’s risk starts the day the offender receives a sentence and remains to the day the warrant expires. Both in correctional institutions and in the community, risk assessment and management have been applied in all rehabilitative stages. Offenders are categorised as three different risk levels, namely high, medium and low risk. Specialists then will plan different rehabilitative programmes for offenders based on their risk levels, and the assessment will be kept evaluating during their incarceration regularly to see whether or not the programmes are effective to lower their risk levels. Risk assessment is also an important mechanism to decide whether a prisoner is able to get parole or under the supervision after release, based on Long-term Supervision Order. Hence, for Taiwanese correctional system, risk assessment and risk management in Canada is worth learning, especially when it comes to redefining the types of Taiwanese correctional institutions and drafting evaluation tools for parole. The delegation visited three federal institutions in Ontario, two provincial adult institutions under the supervision of the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services, and one juvenile institution under the supervision of the Ministry of Children and Youth Services in Ontario to learn how risk assessment and management are applied in the Canadian justice system.