抒寫自我探索團體之初探研究——如何運用正向心理學來改善藥癮者的自我概念

Self-Exploration of the Writing Group Study - How to Use Positive Psychology Improving Self-Concept of Drug Addicts

背景（Background）監禁中的藥癮者除了學習辨識調整其扭曲的核心信念與摒除不良的行為習慣外，如果能同步正視其既有的正向特質且專注於開創有意義的人生，相信對於藥癮者未來如何穩健追尋人生幸福必有助益；不過，矯正機構收容人在監禁與受限制的環境中生活，顯然，此環境並不符合Seligman, Steen和Peterson（2000）在正向心理學導論中所描述的正向組織意涵。然而藉助正向心理學的治療技術，透過增加正向情緒（positivee motion）、強化正向特質（positive traits），是否仍能協助矯正機關收容人提昇其正向自我概念，就成為本研究欲想探究的目標。方法（Methods）自97.09〜100.5本研究共執行8個抒寫自我探索團體，96次團體活動，94人參與（有6人不同意參與研究），因此正式樣本為88人，對照組83人。所有樣本於參與團體前後各實施乙次「田納西自我概念量表（TSCS: 2）」，以檢視三個操作變項：「正向心理探索及正負向心理探索」、「抒寫後有分享活動及無分享活動」、「自願參加及非自願參加」，對於自我概念是否有影響。結果（Results）—、以二因子變異數分析考驗所有樣本TSCS: 2各分量表的前後測顯示，參與團體者在「自我總分」、「自我滿意」、「心理自我」3個分量表與對照組達到顯著；同時參與不同團體者在各分量表的前測顯示並無差異存在。二、以x2考驗來檢視參與團體者在TSCS: 2各分量表的前後測情形，三個操作變項皆在多數的分量表皆達到顯著差異；而「正向心理探索」、「抒寫後無分享活動」、「自願參加」之團體組合，則是最多分量表達顯著差異。結論（Conclusions）—、正向心理學的確能提昇藥癮者的部分正向自我概念，不因監禁環境而限制。二、無論「是否僅運用正向心理探索」、「是否自願參與團體」、「是否進行團體分享」，參與本研究各類抒寫自我探索團體皆能提昇監禁藥癮者的正向自我概念。 Introduction: In prison, drug addicts not only learn to recognize and change the distorted beliefs, but also to remove bad behaviors. If we can concentrate our attention on positive traits and focus on how to create a meaningful life, drug addicts maybe know how to pursue happiness in their life. However, inmates of correctional institutions are living in a restricted environment, obviously, the environment is not like the positive organization described by Seligman, Steen and Peterson (2000). But, can we use treatment technology of positive psychology to increase the positive emotions, strengthen the positive traits, and enhance their positive self-concept, even the drug addicts living in the correctional institutions? We are interested in this issue. Methods: Since 2008 to 2011, we total had 8 groups, 96 group times, 94 members (6 persons did not agree to participate in this study), so we got 88 participants and 83 control members in this study. All samples accept the ''Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS: 2)'' before-after test to view self-concept change, and the three operating variables include: positive psychological exploration or positive/negative psychological exploration, activities sharing or non-sharing and voluntary participation or non-voluntary participation. Results and Discussions: In ANOVA test, study participants had significant changes in ”self score scale '', ''self- satisfaction scale'', and ''psychological self scale'' while all samples in before test are no difference. To %2 test, we find lots scales had significant changes, and the best operating variable combination is positive psychological exploration, norv-sharing activities and voluntary participation. So, positive psychology can still help the drug addicts of correctional institutions to enhance their self-concept, whether only use of positive psychological exploration or positi ve negative psychological exploration, activities sharing or non-sharing, voluntary participation or non-voluntary participation, the study members all enhance some self-concept of TSCS:2 scales.