王弼對《老子》哲學之詮釋底再省思

The introspection of Wang Bi 's Lao Tzu philosophy Interpretation.

在中國漫長的《老子》哲學詮釋史上，王弼一直是顆璀璨的北極星。歷代學者只要想進入道家哲學之理境，都不可略過王弼的詮釋。這是由於在中國哲學發展史上，能於「而立之年」以前，便已對其所學通透，留下不朽之著作以傳世者，王弼或可稱為是第一人之故。其英才如此，即使是現代學界，亦多有以之為主要研究對象之論著；本文亦欲在這條詮釋長河中，參贊一詞，以為註腳。在書寫策略上，先觀王弼對《老子》哲學之詮釋，並分為「道論」、「境界論」與「工夫論」三項述之。其次，則是探析王弼對《老子》哲學之變易，此項則從「道體」之特徵與「崇本舉末」兩者來觀之。全文於書寫進程中，間採中西哲學對照的方式，以互相輝映，並偶有援引王陽明與佛教之理念以互相創發。這是因為佛教與道家在「格義」之弊病外，仍有許多共相存在，足以互相參照。而王陽明與道家、道教之間，亦頗有淵源，其之所論與《老子》和王弼都有相似之處，若能比而觀之，亦可達到互相發明的效果，還可收中國哲學匯通之意趣。 Wang Bi had always been an indicator in the history of Lao Tzu's interpretation of China. Previous scholars who would like to study Taoism must started from Wang Bi. Wang BI was the first person having scholarship in youth and left greats work in Chinese history. His was very talented, so that many scholars continue study on him. The aim of this paper is to study Wang Bi by few steps, first, I divide Wang Bi's interpretation of Lao Tzu into three points of view：Tao, Horizontal Theory, theory of self cultivation. Then, I discuss the change of Wang Bi's philosophy of Lao Tzu. My article will be written in a way that contrasts with Chinese and Western philosophy, and it occasionally refers to the Confucian and the Buddhist views to refer to the Chinese philosophy.