鄭孝胥重九詩試論

On Double Ninth Poems of Zheng Xiaoxu

鄭孝胥（1860-1938）為晚清民初詩人、書法家，因於上海築「海藏樓」，故世稱「海藏」，同光體閩派代表人物。民國以前，為一典型傳統知識份子。至民國後，於上海獨辟高樓避世，以遺老自居。偽滿洲國建立，出任國務總理大臣，為溥儀復辟臂膀，而甘為日人傀儡，在現代史中淪為漢奸。在晚清詩壇中，海藏以重九詩名世，頗負時譽。其九日詩於詩歌傳統內蘊之表現，大體如借景抒懷之作、仕隱徬徨、遺老傷秋之交感等，雖抒一己懷抱，而有獨特之審美意趣。其詩於辛亥前後之轉變，則可探究詩人由清朝進入民國，由地方能吏成為前朝遺老，復搖身為復辟謀劃者之心境轉折。三十一首重九之作，恰似近代史之縮影，為歷史研究提供一饒富詩趣之線索。 Zheng Xiaoxu (1860-1938) was a poet and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and was known as 'Haicang' since he built the 'Haicang Tower' in Shanghai. Besides, he was a representative of Min School of Tongguang Style and a typical traditional intellectual before the founding of the Republic of China. After the founding of the Republic of China, he constructed a high rise in Shanghai and regarded himself as the surviving adherent of the Qing Dynasty. After the founding of Manchukoku, he served as the Prime Minister of the General Affairs State Council and as the Man Friday of Puyi wishing restoration, and was willing to become a puppet of Japan. He ended up with becoming a traitor in modern history. In the poetic circle of the late Qing Dynasty, Haicang was well-known for his Double Ninth Poems, enjoying fine reputation. His Double Ninth Poems showcase the traditional connotation of poetry and most of them were written to give a vent to his feelings through the scenery, such as confusion as a hermit and mixed gloom as a surviving adherent of the Qing Dynasty and for the autumn. Although the poems were designed to express his ambitions, they are rich in unique aesthetics. The changes in the poems before and after Xinhai Revolution throw light on the poet's shift of mental state from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, from a competent local official to a surviving adherent of the Qing Dynasty and to a restoration planner. 31 Double Ninth Poems are like the epitome of modern history and provide the historical research with clues of poetic interest.