探析「子路之死」敘事結構及內容――以《論語》、《左傳》、《史記》、《孔子家語》、《莊子》為考察

Exploration of the Narrative Structure and Content in “the Death of Zilu” –Based on Lunyu, Zuo Zhuan, Shiji, Kongzi Jiayu, and Zhangzi.

《論語》共出現77次「子路」名字，未述寫「子路之死」，僅＜先進＞：「閔子侍側，誾誾如也；子路，行行如也；冉有、子貢，侃侃如也。子樂。『若由也，不得其死然。』」孔子認為子路太過剛強勇猛，預言恐怕不得其死。「子路」名字出現在先秦典籍的次數極高，《史記》有67次，《孔子家語》有93次。然先秦典籍清楚敘述或討論「子路之死」原因、經過情形者，只有4次。「子路終死於衛難」明載《左傳》、《史記》、《孔子家語》、《莊子》，其中文字同異為本文研究重點，首先了解典籍成書特色，比對主要情節原文，分析「子路之死」敘事結構及內容，以就教方家。 The name “Zilu” appeared 77 times in Lunyu, but did not describe “the death of Zilu, ” only stating in “Xianjin”: The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland and precise; Zilu, looking bold and soldierly; Zan Yu and Zigong, with a free and straightforward manner. The Master was pleased. He said, 'Yu, there!-- he will not die a natural death.'” Confucius believed that Zilu was too stubborn and powerful, and predicted that he may not die a natural death. The name “Zilu” appeared a very high number of times in pre-Qin books; 67 times in Shiji and 93 times in Kongzi Jiayu. However, there were only 4 clear descriptions or discussions of the cause and story of “death of Zilu.” “Zilu ultimately died in the disaster at Wei” was clearly stated in Zuozhuan, Shiji, Kongzi Jiayu, and Zhuangzi. The differences in the text are what the research focuses on. First, it is to try to understand the characteristics of the classic books.Then, it is to compare and contrast the original texts of the main stories to analyze the narrative structure and content in “the death of Zilu” for scholarly commentaries in the field.