韓愈、白居易交往與裴度、元稹之爭考論

A Study on the Interactions between Han Yu and Bai Juyi and the Struggle for Power between Pei Du and Yuan Zhen

本文從韓愈與白居易兩人往來詩作，對兩人互動情形進行探考，發現韓、白兩人於唐穆宗長慶元年（821）夏到二年（822）三月間確有往來，張籍是促成兩人往來重要的中介者。促成韓、白往來的一個重要因素，是穆宗朝紛亂的內外情勢，在藩鎮逆亂與中官把持朝政之際，朝廷存在著主戰與主和兩種不同立場，韓愈、白居易兩人在這段時間的往來，可解讀為文人對國家安定、人民性命保障的理想與堅持。穆宗朝對於藩鎮逆亂，內部存在兩派不同意見，其中又參雜了裴度與元稹的爭權角力，朝政錯綜複雜。張籍是裴度在長安糾集支持平叛力量的代表，其並穿針引線，讓與其素有交情的白居易與韓愈會面，白居易後來向穆宗上〈論行營狀〉，企圖說服穆宗給與裴度等更大的節制權，然未為穆宗所接受，是其日後請求外放杭州的遠因；其後，韓愈奉使宣撫藩鎮立功，緊張情勢稍解，韓愈與白居易兩人關係也就此告終。 This study investigated the interactions between Han Yu(韓愈) and Bai Juyi (白居易) by probing into the poetic correspondence between them. This study found that Han and Bai did correspond with each other from summer of 821 to March 822. Zhang Ji(張籍) was an important middleman who facilitated the correspondence between them. According to the analysis, one of the important factors leading to the correspondence between Han and Bai was the chaotic internal and external political situation during the reign of Emperor Muzong of Tang. At that time, the imperial government of Tang suffered from armed rebellion of Fanzhen (regional governments), and the courtiers took over the power. There were two different standpoints in the imperial government. Some courtiers suggested that the imperial government should proclaim war, while others suggested that the imperial government should maintain peace. The interactions between Han and Bai can be interpreted as literati's ideals and persistence for national stability and protection of people's lives. When armed rebellion took place during the reign of Emperor Muzong of Tang, there were two different standpoints in the imperial government, as well as the struggle for power between Pei Du(裴度) and Yaun Zhen(元稹) . The political situation of the imperial government was chaotic and complicated. Pei Du experienced many difficulties when suppressing the armed rebellion. He admonished the Emperor against Yuan Zhen, who colluded with other courtiers in the imperial government to obstruct the military operations against rebellion. Bai Juyi, who was a long-term friend of Yuan Zhen, admonished and advised the imperial government to fully support the military operations against rebellion. However, his admonishment and advice were not accepted, which became the reason why he requested for demotion to external locality in the future. Afterwards, Han Yu acted as the ambassador to pacify the rebels, and performed deeds of merit. The intense political situation was slightly alleviated, and the relationship between Han and Bai was ended.