孔延之生平考述

Study on Life of Kong Yen-zhi

孔延之，字長源，臨江新淦人。幼孤，自感勵，晝耕夜讀，學藝大成，登慶歷第，授欽州軍事推官，九遷至尚書司封郎中，賜服緋魚。子多而賢，時以為盛。其中文仲、武仲、平仲於嘉祐、治平年間連科登第，元祐初同朝為官，在政壇、文壇皆享有聲譽，連黃庭堅都十分推崇他們，以「二蘇上聯璧，三孔立分鼎」（《山谷集》卷三〈和荅子瞻和子由常父憶館中故事詩〉）為喻，將孔氏兄弟與蘇氏昆仲相提並論。而《宋史》卷三四四孔文仲附武仲、平仲傳既未載其父名，亦不替延之立傳，致使延之事迹僅略見於曾鞏〈司封郎中孔君墓誌銘〉、《族譜》及今人李春梅編〈三孔事迹編年〉。身為孔子苗裔，非但籍貫與輩分說法紛歧，後人更常將他與孔延世混為一談。孔延之詩文今日流傳者寥寥無幾，茲以〈司封郎中孔君墓誌銘〉為主軸，參酌《族譜》、史書、方志……各方說法，辨誤存實，考究其生平事迹，使其人其事大概可見，期有助於研究並時相關人物及三孔的家世淵源。 Kong Yen-zhi, having Chang Yuan as alias, was born in Hsinhan, Linjiang. He was orphaned since childhood and was motivated to study hard. After the accomplishment of academic study, he was granted as military official of Qinzhou and later promoted as government minister and granted with fortune. He had many children who were mostly decent. Among them, Wen Zhong, Wu Zhong and Ping Zhong passed the civil service examination in the years of Chia You and Chih Ping. They were all granted as the officials in early year of Yuan You and reputed in political and academic circles. Even Huang Ting-chien esteemed them and he compared Kong Brothers with Brothers Su by “two brothers of Su was a perfect pair and three brothers of Kong stood out outstandingly” (Poetry of Memory in the Hall with Tai Tzu-chan and Tzu You, Book III, Shan Ku Chih). In Book 334 of History of Sung, Kong Wen-zhong and Wu zhong were recorded. It is said that Ping Zhong was not recorded by father's name and biography. Thus, life of Yen-zhi was only recorded in Tseng Kung's Epitaph of Government Minister Kong, Genealogy and modern scholar Li Chun-mei's Chronicle of Life of San Kong. As the descendant of Confucius, his native place and position in family tree were interpreted differently. The later generation tended to confuse him with Kong Yen-chih. Poetry and writing of Kong Yen-zhi are hardly remained nowadays. Based on Epitaph of Government Minister Kong and according to Genealogy, historical records and district records, this paper examines the records and investigates his life to introduce the character in order to serve as reference for research on related characters and family background of three brothers of Kong.