帛書《周易》卦序及其時代問題

Summary of Sequences of Hexagrams in The Book of Changes Copied on Silk and Analysis of Its Ideas

1973年12月，湖南長沙馬王堆出土了一批具有學術價值的帛書，其中帛書《周易》的出土，對於今本《周易》研究造成了相當大的影響。而帛書《周易》中的卦名、卦序、卦辭、爻辭，皆與傳世本有著顯著的差異，其中最大的不同，在於卦序的排列，一般近世學者認定，第一個改變傳統卦序排列的是孟喜（90 B.C.-40 B.C.）以「卦氣」配合陰陽災異，孟氏打亂原先《周易》六十四卦的排列，使易學符合曆法的推算，其後帛書《周易》卦序的出土，則顛覆了原先以孟喜為第一個改變卦序者的定位，使漢代易學的探討更顯其時代意義。因此，本文欲以帛書《周易》卦序的排列，佐之以各家談論《周易》卦序以為參照，並將與〈說卦傳〉所陳述的八卦取象觀念互相對照，以探析帛書《周易》卦序中所呈現之思想蘊涵。 In December 1973, a batch of books copied on silk with academic value was excavated in Mawangduei, Changsha, Hunan Province. Among which, The Book of Changes copied on silk brought significant influences on The Book of Changes in current version. The names, sequence, and dictions of hexagrams, and yao dictions in the book copied on the silk are apparently different from those in the handed down version. The most significant difference is the arrangement of hexagrams sequence. Modern scholars thought, the first one who changed the traditional sequences of hexagrams is Meng Xi (90 B.C.-40 B.C.), breaking the arrangement of the 64 hexagrams in The Book of Changes with hexagram chi in accordance with ying, yang and disasters. This makes The Book Changes conform to the calculation of traditional calendar system. The appearance of The Book of Changes copied on silk overthrows the positioning of the sequence of Meng Xi, making exploration of study of The Book of Changes in Hang Dynasty with more epoch meanings. Therefore, with reference of sequence of different schools on The Book of Changes, the researcher explores the thoughts contained in the sequence of hexgrams in The Book of Changes copied on silk with its arrangement and comparison with concept of metaphorical meaning of Eight Triagrams in Xuguazhuan.