當代大學面臨之挑戰與發展機會及對國內高等教育發展之啟示

Challenges and Opportunities of Universities and Implications for Higher Education Development in Taiwan

本文探討邇來大學所面臨的挑戰與可能的機會。首先透過文獻資料之蒐集，探討當前大學所面臨之內、外在環境的挑戰，外在環境變化來自全球化下的國際競爭日趨激烈、知識經濟、科技發達與創新、市場化的衝擊、回應社會與對教育品質及績效責任的要求、政府角色的轉變等；內在環境變化則出現了高等教育規模的擴充與學習生態的改變、大學角色的轉變、專業管理人員的出現及教師聘任方式的改變，以及自籌財源的壓力與財務結構的轉變等。針對這些挑戰本研究提出大學可能的發展機會：彰顯高等教育的產業性、財源開發多元化與化零為整的資源分配、把握時機發展自我定位與市場區隔、成為區域經濟的推動者，以及提供多樣化的服務以滿足異質化的顧客需求等，最後則從組織發展的角度提出對國內高等教育發展之啟示。 This paper firstly offers analysis to the present issues that challenge universities due to the changes from internal and external environment. Those which come from external environment include increasing international competitiveness on account of the globalization, knowledge economy, technology and innovation, marketization, responses to the education quality and accountability, as well as the changing role of the government. Meanwhile, the expansion of higher education and the transformation of learning conditions, role of university, managers and employment of faculty, pressure from raising funds and changing financial structure are the main changes from internal. Some opportunities are proposed afterward to cope with these challenges that can help universities to be more adaptive and competitive, including the increase of higher education productivity, diversified resources and allocation, position and segmentation, as promoter of regional economy, supplier of various services to satisfy the diversified demands of customers. It ends with a sketch of the main implications for the development of higher education in Taiwan in terms of organizational development.