中文摘要 |
本論文是本人閱讀到鷗外『半日』(明治42)中有一段對媳婦極度毀謗的文章,而引發的研究動機而成的結果。從易蔔生筆下「娜拉」這位新女性影響下之明治末期的時代風氣中,來看明治時代的媳婦們處境與形象。為了釐清此問題,研究範圍鎖定在明治期末期四部小説作品:徳冨蘆花《不如帰》(明治31-32)、田山花袋《生》(明治41)、森鷗外《半日》(明治42)、夏目漱石《行人》(大正元年-2)等。考察之後導出的結論如下:易蔔生創作於明治20年代被引進日本,明治36年左右日本知識份子廣為閱讀易蔔生創作,且蔚為風氣。而易蔔生帶動女性自覺,是在明治39年以後才逐漸普及。在當中雖然蘆花不至於批判具有「娜拉」風格的女性,但並不認同「新女性」的生存之道。同時指引出「娜拉」風格的女性以外的一條女性生存之道。縱此,刊載於明治時期能夠廣為大眾流傳的新聞媒體的《不如帰》、《生》、《行人》中所描繪的媳婦們處境以及形象,皆是世間一般所言:媳婦是被婆婆壓榨的弱勢力群。相形之下《半日》中的媳婦,就顯得突兀許多。如此看來、「新女性」的出現,給日本社會或多或少帶來風潮的改變,但明治時代的婆媳糾葛問題仍是沒有消失。日本的「新女性」只能說是明治時代婆媳糾葛的一個反動勢力的跡象,對於媳婦們的處境與形象,仍是如往常一般。
This paper has used blame to the bride in Ogai ”Hanjitsu” (Meiji 42) as the motif, and has decoded diachronically situations and shapes form on which the brides of the Meiji last tern were put. This paper has taken up the four works of Meiji term typical novel, Tokutomi Roka ”Hototogisu” (Meiji 31-32), Tayama Katai ”Sei” (Meiji 41), Mori Ougai ”Hanjitsu” (Meiji 42) and Natsume Soseki ”Koujin”(Taisho 1-2). The fashion of Ibsen's works on the Japanese intellectuals was from around 1903(Meiji 36). After that recognition to female independence was going to be popular in Japan after 1906(Meiji 39). But wives of a novel in the Meiji period ”Hototogisu”, ”Sei” and ”Koujin” were made in the weak position and the existence oppressed by a mother-in-law. Japanese ”new woman” was the reaction on which she appeared in the oppression in the family in modern Japanese age, and her standpoint was put the oppressed social standpoint. |