美國原住民族的諮商同意權

Indigenous Consultation and Consent Rights in the United States

本文檢視美國對於原住民族之自由事先諮商同意權之態度與熱行情況。基本上，美國以全世界的民主先進國家自居，然而在處理原住民族的事務上，雖與印第安民族簽訂超過300個條約，但是並未確實信守約定。實務上，即使有諮商印地安民族的習慣，但是效果不彰，常只是形式上的程序滿足，只有諮商表面，並沒有同意的事實。本文主張要落實諮商同意權，或許將其提升為國際條約，才有進一步的可能性。 This article examines the attitude and enforcement of the indigenous FPIC (free, prior, informed consent) in United State. The United States is a democratic and advanced country in the world. Although it has signed more than 300 treaties with the Indians, it has not actually implemented the agreement. In practice, even if there is a habit of consulting the Indians, the effect is not good, often just formal consultation, and does not give the Indians the right to consent. The author advocates the implementation of FPIC, perhaps as an international treaty, for further possibilities.