船舶碰撞之民事爭議問題

Highly Controversial Civil Issues Arising from Ship Collisions

船舶碰撞民事侵權責任，由1910年船舶碰撞公約、1987年里斯本規則及1952年船舶碰撞民事管轄公約等三個硬、軟法國際規範，構成國際法體系。就我國法，作者研究海商法船舶碰撞章，我國法存在爭議問題如下：船舶碰撞之管轄、涉外船舶碰撞之法律適用、碰撞責任主體之確認、推定過失之禁止與否、權利行使期間之性質、重申對於加害船舶進入我國領域之司法管轄權之必要性、船舶保全執行期間限制之適當性、因船舶碰撞所生之假扣押其反擔保與其他事由所生之假扣押之反擔保之形式是否有區分之必要等。作者試圖在符合國際規範下，提出解決方案。 The tort liability arising from ship collisions is regulated by the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law with respect to Collisions between Vessels, Brussels, 23 September 1910, the Lisbon Rules and the International Convention For The Unification of Certain Rules Concerning Civil Jurisdiction in Matters of Collision, adopted in Brussels on 10 May 1952, which constitutes a framework of international regimes by its respective hard and soft law nature. As to Taiwanese law is concerned, the author identifies the issues as highly controversial under the Ships Collision Chapter in the Maritime Code as follows: civil jurisdiction, the applicable law, the liable party, the barring of legal presumption of fault, the nature of the limitation period, and the last but not least, arrest of the liable ships. The author tries to submit solutions to cope with them under the international regimes.