中國與北美空運旅客市場分析之研究

Analysis for Air Passenger Markets between China and North America

中國大陸近年經濟大幅成長，航空運輸市場需求急遽上升。中國與北美之客運市場除持續增長外，亦為臺灣航空業界關心的「陸客中轉」議題核心。本研究以IATA MarketIS 2015年之全年資料為基礎，分析中國全境各機場與美國洛杉磯機場、紐約甘迺迪機場和加拿大溫哥華機場往返旅客運量、中轉市場及航空公司競爭。研究結果顯示，中國往返洛杉磯機場之市場為北美三大機場之首，而中國以浦東、首都、廣州機場客量較多。雙向旅客採直達旅運方式占全體的55％，但不管直達或轉運仍以此三機場的規模較大。國際轉運機場，則由仁川和香港機場領銜。中國之三大航空公司在北美市場中占有優勢，但加拿大航空、國泰航空、大韓航空和韓亞航仍有一定的市占率。此一市場在單向平均票價，約落於650至700美元之間。本研究認為廣州、成都和福州與北美三大機場，為桃園機場爭取中轉之潛力市場。 Mainland China has experienced a larger growth of economies in recent years. This result also made a rapid growth on the demand of air transportation. The air passenger market between China and North America, keeping growth, is the core issue of the policy for “mainland passenger transferring＂ in Taiwan government and the airline industry. This study, based on the annual data of IATA MarketIS in 2015, focuses on passenger movements, transferring markets, and airline competitions between the all airports in China and Los Angles (LAX), New York JFK and Vancouver (YVR) airports. The analysis results reveal that the LAX airport had most numbers of passengers as same as Shanghai PVG, Beijing Capital (PEK) and Guangzhou (CAN) airports in China. 55% of passengers took direct flights for travel between these markets. PVG, PEK and CAN airports handled most parts of passengers, regardless direct or transferring arrivals. Hong Kong and Incheon airports were the largest international transferring airports for these markets. Three main Chinese airlines enjoyed the advantages to compete with Canada Air, Cathay Pacific, Korean Airlines and Korean Asia Airlines. The average fare level in these markets fell into USD 650 and 700 one way. This study indicates that markets between NA and Guangzhou, Chengdu, Fuchou airports in China will be potential niches for Tauyuan airports to strive for the transferring passengers.