日本のメガFTA の統合戦略とその政治経済的意義―農産品市場開放からの分析―

日本mega FTA的整合策略及政經意涵－－從日本農產品市場開放的探討（Agricultural Market Access and Japan’s International Political and Economic Meaning of Japan-EU EPA and CPTPP）

日本安倍政府2018年3月與美國以外的11個TPP國家簽署跨太平洋全面進展協定（Comprehensive and Progressive TPP, CPTPP），2018年7月與EU簽署日本EU EPA（Japan-EU Economic PartnershipAgreement，日本EU經濟夥伴協定）。2018年日本安倍政府陸續締結大型FTA（mega FTA），日本對外經濟整合大幅進展。本文目的是彙整2018年日本政府所締結mega FTA的內容並剖析其國際政經意涵。日本EU EPA以及CPTPP等兩項mega FAT達成的共識內容在傳統的削減關稅外更涵蓋符合新世紀經貿活動所需的新規範，尤以農產品市場開放措施成為新世紀EPA/FTA談判的範本，日本重要農產品市場自由化的先河。美國於2017年初退出TPP後，日本整合此兩項mega FTA達成的共識內容傳達日本與EU、CPTPP各國以及其他國家延續貿易自由化精神開創21世紀世界經貿新規範，展現正面迎戰保護主義的重要訊息。 In 2018, two major partnership agreements were signed by Japan – the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) on March 8th in Chile and the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement in July 2018. The CPTPP was signed by the TPP 11, which excluded the USA. Through these two mega FTAs, Japan has entrenched its regional economic integration within 2018. These FTAs are expected to promote trade and investment for 21st Century through eliminating tariffs, non-tariff barriers and improving trade and investment rules, especially on agricultural market access. In these two agreements, Japan agreed to open its important agricultural market for the first time, meaning the EU and CPTPP countries can start to take advantages on the improvement of market access, especially in the agricultural products market, as well as engage in the protection of Geographical Indications (GIs), and cope with Non-tariff measures on food safety, processed food and others. On the other hand, President Trump removed the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in the beginning of 2017 because he felt that the USA did not share the same values as the the leaders of Japan, the EU and, other CPTPP countries. These countries shared values of democracy, rule of law, human rights and recognized the strategic importance of the mega FTA, as well as remain committed to create a free, fair and open international trade and economic system on the basis of TPP. The TPP’s goals are to promote stronger, sustainable and balanced growth and to contribute to the creation of jobs and economic opportunity in these two mega FTA countries in order to increase their international competitiveness.