比較兩岸三地生產力成長的來源

Comparing the Sources of Productivity Growth for China, Hong Kong and Taiwan

本文的主要目的是利用Malmquist指數的計算來比較兩岸三地──台灣、香港與大陸──生產力成長來源的差異。兩岸三地除了政治體系不同外，在經濟結構方面亦有相當差異。藉由分析與比較兩岸三地生產力成長的來源，進一步瞭解除了傳統性的因素外，究竟還有哪些因素造成三地生產力的差異，不僅將有助於解釋發展的過程，對政府相關部門擬定經濟發展政策亦有重要的參考價值。本文以Penn World Tables中各APEC各會員體的相關資料，利用線性規劃的方法來計算Malmquist生產力成長指數，並將其分解為效率變動與技術變動兩者的組成。結果顯示，兩岸三地在1980～1990年間的表現均較1965～1979年間為佳。在1965～1979年間，兩岸三地生產力成長的主要來源皆是基於效率的提昇，尤其是大陸與香港，兩者的效率變動指數皆大於一。台灣的效率變動指標在同期雖未超過一，但亦離邊界不遠。兩岸三地在1980～1990年間的成長來源則與1965～1979年間有些差異，雖然效率提昇仍然是大陸與台灣生產力成長的主要來源，香港的生產力成長卻應歸功於效率與技術的共同提昇。 This paper focuses on identifying the sources of productivity growth in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We calculate productivity growth and its components using distance-function-based Malmquist productivity indexes. The data of our multilateral comparison comes from the Penn World Tables over the 1965-79 and 1980-90 periods. The method constructs a best-practice frontier by using the APEC members as the sample economies and linear programming methods following Hire et al. (1994). Our results indicate that the average performance, in terms of the growth in total factor productivity of each economy, over the second period is better than in the first period. Hong Kong exhibits a pattern for being consistently technically efficient with technology improvement. The source of productivity growth in China and Taiwan largely comes from improvement in efficiency. Therefore, for both China and Taiwan, it is necessary to devote more effort into technological progress to promote economic growth in the future.

This paper focuses on identifying the sources of productivity growth in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We calculate productivity growth and its components using distance-function-based Malmquist productivity indexes. The data of our multilateral comparison comes from the Penn World Tables over the 1965-79 and 1980-90 periods. The method constructs a best-practice frontier by using the APEC members as the sample economies and linear programming methods following Hire et al. (1994). Our results indicate that the average performance, in terms of the growth in total factor productivity of each economy, over the second period is better than in the first period. Hong Kong exhibits a pattern for being consistently technically efficient with technology improvement. The source of productivity growth in China and Taiwan largely comes from improvement in efficiency. Therefore, for both China and Taiwan, it is necessary to devote more effort into technological progress to promote economic growth in the future.