高強度間歇訓練與長距離持續訓練對心率變異性的影響

Effects of high intensity interval training and endurance training on heart rate variability

目的：探討兩週高強度間歇訓練與長距離持續訓練對優秀中長距離選手心率變異性與最大攝氧量的影響。方法：以10名優秀長距離選手為受試對象，將所有受試者平均分至長距離持續訓練（n=5）與高強度間歇訓練組（n=5）。長距離持續訓練組為每週訓練5次，每次訓練60分鐘，強度設定為65%的最大攝氧量。高強度間歇訓練為每週訓練3次，每次訓練進行8-12次30秒全力衝刺。於兩週訓練前、後檢測心率變異性與最大攝氧量。心率變異性以頻域分析方法進行分析，分析指標包括總功率、高頻功率比、低頻功率比及低頻功率／高頻功率四項指標。以混合設計二因子變異數（two-way ANOVA）進行統計分析，統計考驗顯著水準定為α=0.05。結果：在最大攝氧量結果方面，經過兩週訓練後，長距離持續訓練組之最大攝氧量顯著低於訓練前（p<.05）。在心率變異性結果方面，總功率、高頻功率比、低頻功率比及低頻功率／高頻功率等四項指標，經統計分析後發現皆無顯著差異（p>.05）。結論：2週高強度間歇訓練（每週3次，每次8-12組×30秒全力衝刺）能維持優秀長距離選手最大攝氧量，而長距離持續訓練（每週5次，每次60分鐘，強度設定為65%VO2max）無法維持優秀中長距離選手最大攝氧量，兩種訓練皆不會改變心率變異性。 Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and endurance training (ET) on heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in elite runners. Methods: ten male runners were matched for maximal oxygen uptake and assigned to HIIT (n = 5) or ET (n = 5) group. The ET group performed 60-min rowing at 65% VO2max and the HIIT group performed 8-12 sets of 30-s sprint with 4-min rest interval. The incremental exercise test and heart rate variability were conducted before and after two weeks training session. The signals of HRV were analysis by frequency-domain analysis and indicators include total power (TP), high frequency (HF) % , low frequency (LF) % and LF/HF ratio. The date were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Result: After training, the VO2max in ET group was significantly decrease (p < .05), but not in HIIT group. In HRV data, the TP, LF %, HF % and LF/HF ratio in both groups were not significantly different before and after training. Conclusion: Two weeks HIIT training can maintain VO2max, but not in ET. However, HIIT and ET are unable to alter the activity of the heart rate variability.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and endurance training (ET) on heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in elite runners. Methods: ten male runners were matched for maximal oxygen uptake and assigned to HIIT (n = 5) or ET (n = 5) group. The ET group performed 60-min rowing at 65% VO2max and the HIIT group performed 8-12 sets of 30-s sprint with 4-min rest interval. The incremental exercise test and heart rate variability were conducted before and after two weeks training session. The signals of HRV were analysis by frequency-domain analysis and indicators include total power (TP), high frequency (HF) % , low frequency (LF) % and LF/HF ratio. The date were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Result: After training, the VO2max in ET group was significantly decrease (p < .05), but not in HIIT group. In HRV data, the TP, LF %, HF % and LF/HF ratio in both groups were not significantly different before and after training. Conclusion: Two weeks HIIT training can maintain VO2max, but not in ET. However, HIIT and ET are unable to alter the activity of the heart rate variability.