臺灣榕榕果形態構造及發育

Studies of the Development and Morphology of Syconium of Ficus formosana

本研究藉由解剖顯微鏡及掃描式電子顯微鏡，觀察臺灣榕（Ficus formosana）雌、雄榕果各發育期之形態構造變化，雌、雄榕果在前雌花期至花間期的外部型態相似，僅榕果大小及榕果果壁氣孔斑數量略有差異。榕果內部構造及功能在前雌花期已有明顯分化。雌榕果內有種子花及中性花，雄榕果內有蟲癭花及雄花。種子花與蟲癭花在柱頭型態、花柱長度有明顯差異，與臺灣榕小蜂（Blastophaga taiwanensis）相互適應形成互利的共生關係。雌、雄榕果的氣孔斑在花間期達最大的數量及大小，其功能可能為調節榕果內的氣體及水分等。本研究結果認為臺灣榕應歸屬於榕亞屬（Subg. Ficus）無花果節（Sect. Ficus）。 The Structure and development of syconia of Ficus formosana were studied by scanning electron microscope and detective microscope. Male and female syconia were similar in morphology between pre-female phase and inter-floral phase, but slightly different in syconium size and the number of stromatal spots. The structure and morphology of flowers in male and female syconia were different obviously. Seeds and neutral flowers were born inside the female syconium. Galls and male flowers were born inside the male syconium. F. formosana has been convoluted with Blastophaga taiwanensis in the structure, morphology and developmental span. The size and number of stomatal spots became larger during the inter-floral phase, and this might be helpful for the regulation of gas and water in the syconium. According to the result of this study, we hereby confirm Ficus formosana belongs to section Ficus of subgenus Ficus.

The Structure and development of syconia of Ficus formosana were studied by scanning electron microscope and detective microscope. Male and female syconia were similar in morphology between pre-female phase and inter-floral phase, but slightly different in syconium size and the number of stromatal spots. The structure and morphology of flowers in male and female syconia were different obviously. Seeds and neutral flowers were born inside the female syconium. Galls and male flowers were born inside the male syconium. F. formosana has been convoluted with Blastophaga taiwanensis in the structure, morphology and developmental span. The size and number of stomatal spots became larger during the inter-floral phase, and this might be helpful for the regulation of gas and water in the syconium. According to the result of this study, we hereby confirm Ficus formosana belongs to section Ficus of subgenus Ficus.