| 中文摘要 |
本研究以具1枚孕性花葯的小唇蘭（Erythrodes blumei）與具3枚孕性花葯的三葯細筆蘭（E. triantherae）進行小孢子發生與胚胎學研究，透過觀察小孢子的發育、花粉的形態及胚與種子發育，瞭解物種間的親緣關係並提供花葯形態演化上的證據。小唇蘭與三葯細筆蘭在小孢子的發育過程可分為7個階段，依序為：孢原時期、造孢細胞期、小孢子母細胞期、減數分裂期、四分體期、雙細胞花粉粒期、花粉塊成熟。在小孢子母細胞減數分裂過程中，兩物種的細胞質分裂均為同時型。兩者的花粉粒四分體由外壁包覆，並聚集成花粉小塊，成為傳粉體，屬於軟花粉塊。兩者雌蕊由3心皮構成側膜胎座，子房下位，種子均為紡錘細長絲狀，長寬比約為20:1，為單胚性種子。由胚胎學研究發現小唇蘭與三葯細筆蘭為近緣種，花葯的形態接近樹蘭亞科；花粉小塊接近蘭亞科；種子外觀與形態屬於蘭亞科中的斑葉蘭屬型。
The research focuses on Erythrodes blumei and E. triantherae, which bear only one fertile anther and three fertile anthers respectively. An investigation into patterns of microsporogenesis, pollen characters, embryo and seed development is conducted to explore phylogenetic relationships and support evidence of anther developmental evolution in both species. Microsporogenesis of both species goes through seven developmental stages as follows: anther primordium, early sporogenous cells, microspore mother cell, microspore meiosis, tetrads, bicellular, and microspores as mature pollen grains. The period of the second microspore meiosis is accompanied by simultaneous cytokinesis. The tetrads enclosed in wall are united as pollinarium in the form of soft massulae. The pistils of both species are syncarpous with three carpels that form the parietal placentation. The ovaries are located behind the fl ower as inferior. The seeds have a fusiform and fi lamentous shape with one single embryo, and the length/width ratio is approximately 20:1. Based on embryology, E. blumei and E. triantherae are closely related species. From anther development, both species are recognized to approximate the subfamily Epidendroideae. The massule structure is similar to that of the subfamily Orchidoideae. The seed morphometry is recognized to belong to the Goodyera type. |
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